BIO 1150 1st Edition Lecture 6Topic Discussed: Digestion and NutritionMetabolic rate of a large animal is greater than that of a smaller animal - Mammals more than reptilesMetabolic rate- per unit body mass of a large animal is less than that of a small animalEcosystems are organized around the flow of energy and nutrientsSome animals have highly defined diets, while others adjust to changing demands- Organisms with adjusting diets have guts that expand and shrinkThe Chemistry of Biology and Food- Organisms and food = organic + inorganic molecules- Different foods have different components- Food must be converted to a form that is able to be digestedMain Processes in Nutrition and Digestion- Feeding- Processing and movement of the food- The body secreting chemicals that breakdown the food so that it can be digested- Food being broke down into components- The body absorbing nutrients- The components of the food that aren’t able to be digested are released from the bodyComponents of the Digestive System- GI (gastrointestinal) tract/alimentary canal- food goes through this tube- Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum, anus- Salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreasThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Villi-large scale folds- Microvilli- smaller scale foldsStomach-home of several specialized cellsGastric Acid Secretion1. Hydrogen ions derives from carbon dioxide by anhydrase2. Hydrogen ions are secreted by “proton pump” on apical (lumen) side of the cell3. Chloride ions are transported across the cell in a parallel pathTransport proteins- move hydrogen ions from the cell to the stomach- Blood pH= 7.4 - Stomach pH=1To block gastric acid secretion- inhibit pumpEnzymes- convert macromolecules to smaller constituents- Can digest specific nutrients depending on the
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