SOC 302 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture II. SymbolsIII. Culture changes over timeIV. Capitala. Culturalb. SymbolicOutline of Current Lecture II.What is social structurea. Macrostructureb. MicrostructureIII.Social StructuralIV.EmergenceV.Issues between Macro and MicroCurrent LectureSocial structure is the enduring pattern of norms, cognitive frameworks, behaviors, and relationships within a social system. All of these things constrain the “actors’” behavior, with theactors being people who follow the “script” of social situations. These are durable systems of human patterns, which are firm, but malleable, meaning they are subject to change. Microstructure is the pattern of relationships between the most basic events, such as human interactions. Macrostructure is sort of the second level of social structure. It is a pattern of relations between objects that have their own structure. The term “Social Structural” has three parts to it: social relationships (not necessarily personal ones), patterned system of parts, and temporal durability. This theory presumes that Sociological reality is complicated. It practices antireductionism, meaning it should not be reduced into simpler terms because it will not make sense. These structures have causal power to make change happen in the real world, and understanding them requires hermeneutical analysis, or interpretation. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.This theory also presumes the reality of emergence. Essentially, the emergence of a new trend is the result of many factors coming together. It cannot be explained solely in terms of thefactors alone. For example, the loss of the meaning of marriage can be attributed to many factors, including a decreased desire for children over time, an increase in accessibility to birth control over time, and the increase over time in availability of jobs outside the home for women. Note that it must occur over a period of time, rather than instantaneously. However, loss of the meaning of marriage cannot be attributed to any ONE of these factors alone. Additionally, emergence of a new thing can circle around and act back on all of these individual parts. However, there are some issues between the Macro and Micro parts. While we operate on a microstructural level, we attempt to understand sociology on a macro level. This brings up the issue of methodological individualism. We commonly use representative agents to model micro parts as macrostructural, but this is erroneous. For example, people say “Hollywood is corrupt” because they do not want to take the time to realize which actors, producers, and writers are “corrupt.” So, they might say that Hollywood is doing something, when, in fact, Hollywood cannot act on its own. There must be people making decisions, which come out in the representative agent, “Hollywood.” This is the concept of missing sociological influence, or commonsense explanations that simply replace collectives with a representative agent rather than do the work of understanding the social