PSYCH 1103 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I. History and Methodsa. Functionalismb. BehaviorismII. Research MethodsIII. Experimental IssuesOutline of Current LectureIV. Samplinga. Who should be in your study?b. Random samplingc. Other sampling strategiesV. Research Toolsa. Low techb. High techVI. Developmental Psychologya. Definitionb. Early developmentCurrent Lecture I. Sampling a. Who should be in your study? i. Members of whatever group you are studying ii. Population: group under study iii. Sample: individuals who actually participate in your study1. Sample comes from that populationb. Random sampling i. Goes with population to individual people who are going to be in your1. What you do with them is still undefined ii. Has nothing to do with confounds iii. Don’t even have to have an experiment for sampling iv. Vs. random assignment1. How those people are going to get distributed2. How we assign people to certain conditions3. Deals with experimentation4. Trying to create a non-confounding situationc. Other sampling strategies i. Stratification1. Making sub groups based on that important variable and then sampling within that variable II. Research tools- high number of tools available for data collectiona. Low tech i. Surveys ii. Observation iii. Text analysisb. High tech i. fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)1. doing something while the MRI is being done2. MRI is more anatomical ii. NIRS (Near InfraRed Spectroscopy)1. Uses infrared light2. Spectroscopy = breaking down infrared lighta. Absorbed by the stuff it hits and reflects the stuff that isn’t absorbed3. Trying to get a measure of brain activity4. Human tissue is translucenta. Wavelengths 650-1100 nm5. Color of tissue causes signatures in light absorption6. Color of hemoglobin directly related to amount of oxygen7. Signature in light absorption related to oxygen iii. Motion capture iv. Eye capture1. Gaze position shows what you are looking ata. Your gaze is tightly linked to your cognitive stage2. mid point of pupil pointed at some object in world3. most use corneal reflectancea. take the image that’s reflected off the cornea (surface of eyeball) using near-infrared lightb. reflected images analyzed to pupil position III. Developmental psychologya. Definition i. Study of changes in behavior and mental processes over the life course ii. Prenatal to aging iii. Famously caught in nature-nurture dichotomy1. Learning has to engage your biology somehow2. Modern approaches specify how development happens and getting away from this dichotomy3. Not attributed to mythic sourceb. Early development i. Prenatal1. A huge amount of development takes place before birth2. 3 major periods:a. period of the zygote (weeks 1 &2)b. period of the embryo (weeks 3-8)c. period of the fetus (week 9 to birth)ii. Infancy1. neonatal reflexes2. early social interactions3. attachment4.
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