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APPALACHIAN BIO 1201 - Biology in Society 1
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BIO 1201 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I.Organic CompoundsII.Four Major Molecules of LifeOutline of Current Lecture III.Amino AcidsIV.NucleotidesCurrent LectureI. Amino Acids: make up proteins (polypeptides)a. Proteins make up at least 50% of the dry weight of all cellsb. Proteins perform the majority of cellular functionsc. Protein function is defined by its shape, which is defined by the sequence of amino acids that make up the protein.d. There are 20 naturally occurring amino acids, which all have a central carbon covalently bonded toi. Hydrogenii. Amino group (NH2)iii. Carboxylic acid (COOH)iv. R: gives amino acid its unique identity and can have many different propertiese. Amino acids are covalently bound by peptide bonds to form long, unbranched chainsf. Protein will fold into shape based on how the amino acids interact with the environment and with themselvesg. Structure Levelsi. Primary: sequence of amino acidsii. Secondary: small mini structures within overall shapeiii. Tertiary: 3-D shape of entire proteiniv. Quaternary: 3-D shape formed by multiple proteins forming a complexh. Keratin: protein that makes hair, spider webs, etc.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. R-group is cysteine, which is made of carbon and sulphur II. Nucleotides: make up nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)a. All nucleotides contain:i. Phosphate groupii. 5-carbon ribose sugariii. Nitrogen-containing base that gives nucleotide its identity1. Purines: adenine (A) and Guanine (G)2. Pyrimidines: cytosine (C), thymine (T; only in DNA), and uracil (U; only in RNA)iv. Bases interact at an angle, forming a helical shapev. The phosphate group of one nucleotide covalently binds to ribose of adjacent nucleotide, leading to flexible string of phosphate group+ribose with bases extending awayvi. Some nucleotides are complimentary (can form H-bonds)1. A=T (two H-bonds)2. A=U (two H-bonds)3. G=C (three


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