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SU PSY 274 - Self-Regulation
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PSY 274 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture I. Fundamental Attribution ErrorII. Internal & ExternalIII. Perceptual SalienceIV. Discounting & AugmentingV. Counterfactual thoughts- Upward & Downward Counterfactuals- Emotional AmplificationOutline of Current Lecture I. Self Regulation-Requires 2 thingsII. Purpose of Self RegulationIII. Self ControlIV. GoalsV. Rubicon Model of Action PhasesVI. Pre-decisional action phase VII. Pre-actional phaseVIII. Actional phase IX. Postactional phaseCurrent Lecture:- The fundamental purpose of having a self is to regulate (control) many important aspects of our lives, including thoughts, emotions, and behavior.- Self-regulation: The self’s capacity to alter it’s own responses (e.g., self-control)o Requires monitoring: keeping track of behaviors or responses to be regulatedo Requires capacity for change: having the strength or energy to change (“willpower”)1- You need both of there to exert self regulation in that moment - If it’s a generalized resource then there is a lot of interest in strengthening self regulation- Improves individual well being they have better mental health, relationships, and success in school- Self control requires a lot more energy that can make you more upset lately- Those that were depleted and then asked to show self control actually only show less self control but if you give them glucose then you can regain energyVideo: Youtube video on self controlo Becomes depleted when you use itSelf control- do you lets system 2 override system 1 when u wanna do something but stopyourself. We must regulate system 1 so that it has more control rather than just an impulse. - Goals- Values > goals > actions (we must try and fit goals in between these two factors)o An idea of some desired future stateo Include personal projects, personal strivingso Common to have more than one at a given time Average list = 15o Rubicon Model of Action Phases: o 4 phases: Pre decisional action phase > preactional phase > actional phase > postactional phaseo 1. Predecisional action phase- Selection of Goalso Culture sets out goal options, and people choose amongthem depending on their personal wants, needs, and immediate circumstances. Ex. I want to be a basketball and so this is my desire but it is not feasible if I am very short. Therefore we pick things that we can actually achieve and that they are worth achieving.- Desirability vs. Feasibility - Culminates with individual choosing the goal2- Deliberative Mindset: emerges in predecisional action phaseo Function: decide what to doo Attitude: open minded attitudeo Mental focus: is it desirable and/or feasible?o Core question: why should I do it? What will I get out of it?o Style of thought: realistic – not particularly optimistic or pessimistic, instead you are trying to make the best decision by not over inflating your ego and thinking you can do everything. This is how you can make the best decision.- Best types of goalso Easiest goals to achieve are those that are specific, and difficult but reachableo Hierarchy of goals: short term goals act as stepping stones toward long term goalso Its okay to have long term goals but it is better to think of all the small goals you have to achieve to get there.- How to pick a goalo Name a goalo Pros and Cons- pros and cons of not pursuing it- pros of achieving it- cons of pursuing ito Derailments 2. Preactional Phase- Involves making a decision about a goal to pursue (turning the wish into action)- Leads people to feel committed to achieving their goal(they have “crossed the rubicon”- Culminates with a set plan of how to achieve the goal- Implemental Mindseto Function: deciding how to do it and doing ito Attitude: close minded (decisive and determined to get going on the plan)o Mental focus: focused on means and obstacles and how we can get around them3o Core question: how do I do it?o Style of thought: optimistic (might as well be optimisticthat I can achieve the goal since I have already picked it.)- Worst types of plans (2 kinds):o 1. Overly rigid or detailed: very structuredo Overly optimistic  Planning fallacy: The tendency for plans to be overly optimistic because the planner fails to allow for unexpected problems.- How to make plans : you have to sit ahead of time and use system 2 to figure out what you have to do and when you have to do ito List the steps necessary to achieve the goalo List how you will complete each stepo List where you will complete each stepo List when you will complete each stepIn class QUIZ: answer to question: Deliberative meaning (open minded trying to decide) Implemental (close minded) 3. Actional Phase:- Individual acts on their plan toward their goal, attempting to not get derailed by- Missed opportunities (theoretically taken care by the plan), competing goals (you may want to go to the gym but also want a happy relationship. If a time you are going to the gym your partner is upset then the goals compete and you don’t know how to shift goals around rather than letting all of it go at once (Zeigarnik Effect) biggest issue with not completing goal), losing interest- Often involves coming back to goal facilitating activities after interruptionso Zeigarnik Effect: A tendency to experience automatic, intrusive thoughts about a goal whose pursuit has been interrupted. If you plan a goal using implemental mindset, if the goal is not fulfilled then you get an automatic thought constantly to fulfill goal. (if you 4didn’t go to the gym all day you are going to be thinking can I go know? Yes or no. 4. Postactional Phase- Individual evaluates whether they have succeeded (is so did thevalue match the expected value?)- Has the intended outcome been achieved?- Easy when the goal was a specific tasko When the goal is abstract (e.g., prepare for exam), the individual may resort to termination intentions Did the actual value of the striving match the expected value of the striving?* Assignment: before next class, look at 10 most played songs on your itunes and write them for class on Wednesday (you will hand this in to receive


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SU PSY 274 - Self-Regulation

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