AVS 101 1st Edition Lecture 4 Lipids & ProteinsLipids are …..FatsOilsRelated Compoundsi.e. Sterolà complex alcohol in plants and animalsFats and Oils are differentOils are liquid at room temperatureFats are solid at room temperatureFats & oils are mixtures of mono/di/triglyceridesGlycerol + fatty acids-> CH2O- R1 à 1 fatty acid = monoglyceride CHO- R2 à 2 fatty acids = diglycerideCH2O- R3 à 3 fatty acids = triglycerideSaturated Fat Contains mostly saturated fatty acids Comes from animals (not marine/fish)Unsaturated Fat Comes from plantsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Polyunsaturated Fat Less hydrogen, more double bondsFat Use in Diet Energy Essential Fatty Acids– Linoleic, linolenic, arachidonic acids– Dietary essential– Taste palatability– Carriers for fat soluble vitamins: A, D, E, K– DeficienciesDecreased GrowthSkin problems-EczemaProteins Consist of amino acids joined together Contain C, H, O & N (can have iron, phosphorous, sulfur) Only nutrient class with N Have distinct structure– Alteration to structure yields problemsDisease, mutation & deathFunctions of Protein Provides energy– Expensive, feed 16-20% Part of hair, skin, muscle, bone, horns, hooves, wool Growth & repair of tissue Enzymes & antibodies HormonesMore Functions Antibodies fight infection Sex hormones are steroids, not proteins About 25 amino acids in natureEssential Amino Acids Needed in diet Cannot be synthesized by body at rate necessary for growth & maintenance 10 aa are essential– Depending on animal Plants can form aa from nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorousProtein Synthesis Synthesis of protein from simple nitrogen compounds is:– Limited in monogastric animals– Possible in ruminantsProtein Quality & Biological Value Plant protein lower BV than animal protein source Amino acids in greater quality/quantity in animals than plantsEssential Amino Acids All amino acids needed by all animals Shortage of one aa can limit ability to use another– Can cause deficiency “First limiting” amino acidEssential Amino AcidsPVT TIM HALL Phenylalinine Valine Tryptophan Threonine Isoleucine Methionine Histidine Arginine
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