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URI AVS 101 - Carbohydrates

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AVS 101 1st Edition Lecture 3CarbohydratesAnimals eat to satisfy energy requirementCarbohydrates Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (CHO) Primary function = supply energy 3 classes: monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharidesMonosaccharides Simple sugars 6 carbon compound Ex. glucose C6H12O6 Can be absorbed into blood Make di & poly saccharides GlucoseMajor carb. in bloodToo low à pass out à death FructoseFruit sugar, honeySweetest natural sugar GalactoseComponent of milk sugarDisaccharides Contains 2 molecules of sugar (glucose + fructose) Must be broken down before body can absorbEnzymes break down complex carbohydratesNames end in –asei.e. sucraseThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Lactose = glucose + galactoseSynthesized in mammary glandFound in milk productsBroken down by lactaseLactose intolerance = body can’t produce lactaseSymptoms: cramps, gas, diarrhea Sucrose = glucose + fructoseVery sweetBeets, sugar cane, table sugarBroken down by sucraseSucrose intolerance = body can’t produce sucraseCommon in InuitsPolysaccharides Two principle groups = starch + cellulose Hundreds – thousands of monosaccharides joined togetheri.e. starch = many glucoses joined Before absorbed, molecules separated Found in liver and muscle Glycogenesis – process by which body stores carbohydrates Fast for 4 hours Glucose level drops Glycogen in liver broken down into glucose Absorbed by glycogenolysis After 24 hours body metabolizes fat for energyCellulose Portion of cell wall of plants Made from glucoseWhy can’t we use cellulose for energy? Cellulase (enzyme) needed to break down cellulose Not all animals produce cellulase Ruminants can digest celluloseMicrobes in rumen produce


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URI AVS 101 - Carbohydrates

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