AVS 101 1st Edition Lecture 3CarbohydratesAnimals eat to satisfy energy requirementCarbohydrates Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (CHO) Primary function = supply energy 3 classes: monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharidesMonosaccharides Simple sugars 6 carbon compound Ex. glucose C6H12O6 Can be absorbed into blood Make di & poly saccharides GlucoseMajor carb. in bloodToo low à pass out à death FructoseFruit sugar, honeySweetest natural sugar GalactoseComponent of milk sugarDisaccharides Contains 2 molecules of sugar (glucose + fructose) Must be broken down before body can absorbEnzymes break down complex carbohydratesNames end in –asei.e. sucraseThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Lactose = glucose + galactoseSynthesized in mammary glandFound in milk productsBroken down by lactaseLactose intolerance = body can’t produce lactaseSymptoms: cramps, gas, diarrhea Sucrose = glucose + fructoseVery sweetBeets, sugar cane, table sugarBroken down by sucraseSucrose intolerance = body can’t produce sucraseCommon in InuitsPolysaccharides Two principle groups = starch + cellulose Hundreds – thousands of monosaccharides joined togetheri.e. starch = many glucoses joined Before absorbed, molecules separated Found in liver and muscle Glycogenesis – process by which body stores carbohydrates Fast for 4 hours Glucose level drops Glycogen in liver broken down into glucose Absorbed by glycogenolysis After 24 hours body metabolizes fat for energyCellulose Portion of cell wall of plants Made from glucoseWhy can’t we use cellulose for energy? Cellulase (enzyme) needed to break down cellulose Not all animals produce cellulase Ruminants can digest celluloseMicrobes in rumen produce
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