PSY 556 1st EditionLecture 7Outline of Last Lecture I. What is the self?II. Paradoxical self metaphorsIII. Multiple TheoriesIV. Generalized OtherV. Objective Self Awareness (OSA)Outline of Current Lecture I. Nonverbal Communication & Self-Fulfilling ProphecyII. Implicit StereotypingIII. Nonverbal CommunicationCurrent LectureI. Self-Fulfilling Prophecies (Rosenthal & Jacobsen, 1966)a. Teachers were told that a test revealed who would be a late “bloomer”b. Bloomers were actually chosen randomlyc. Measure IQ at beginning and end of yeard. Teachers think test was predicting, not causingII. Self-fulfilling Prophecya. When an originally false social belief leadsto its own fulfillmenti. Perceiver’s Expectations (initially incorrect)  Perceiver’s behavior toward the target  Target’s behavior in response to the perceiverIII. The power of attractiveness beliefs (Snyder, Tanke&Berscheid, 1977)a. Men led to believe they are about to talkto an attractive or unattractive womanb. Have phone conversation with womanwho is unaware of the manipulationc. ‘Attractive’ women are rated by judges to be more friendly, likeable and sociable.IV. Implicit Stereotyping (Word, Zanna& Cooper, 1974)a. White interviewers withi. White job candidatesii. Black job candidatesb. Interviewers rated white candidates asbetter…why?c. DV: Outside rater coding videos of bothThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.V. How does this all work?a. No one is aware of the transmission of theirown expectancyi. I don’t realize I’m affecting youii. Like a FAE, because I don’t realize my situational effect on youb. No one is aware of being affected by theexpectancies of othersi. You don’t realize I’m affecting youc. Process is mediated by automatic nonverbalcommunicationVI. Nonverbal Communicationa. What is it?i. Anything but the words themselves:1. Appearance, facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, posturesb. Why is it important?i. “We respond to gestures with an extreme alertness and, one might say, in accordance with an elaborate and secret code that is written nowhere, known by none, and understood by all.” –Edward Sapirii. Our basic mode of communicating socialand emotional information toothers1. Nonverbal is older than verbal communication2. How can you say a smile?3. How often do we say “I don’t like you”verbally?4. We are less able to control our nonverbal communication so it often reflects our true feelingsiii. This nonverbal dance is powerful because it largely escapes our awareness1. E.g. our nonverbal mimicry without awarenessVII. Judging Faces Quickly (Willis &Todorov, 2006)a. Had participants look either for a long (2s) or short (100ms) time at faces and judge:i. Attractiveness, trustworthiness, competence, likeability, aggressivenessVIII. Hypothesis #4a. Hypothesis 4: It is amazing that we are asaccurate as we are about why people do whatthey do and about what kind of people they areb. Corollary 4a: Our judgments are often accuratebecause they are made