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MSU CHMY 121IN - Basics of the Periodic Table

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CHMY 121IN 1st Edition Lecture 8 Review- Rutherford’s experimento Scattering of alpha particles to show there is a nucleus in an atomo Nucleus is slightly positive- Atomic Structure- Isotopes and Atomic Masso Elements of the same kind (same chemical symbol) can have a different number of neutrons as shown in the mass numbero The mass and abundance of the isotopes determine the atomic mass- Atomic Masso Actual weight is known as the Atomic Mass (measured in atomic mass units, amu) o We know that carbon-12 has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. The size of a proton and neutronare similar and if we want them to be 1 amu then the mass of 1 carbon atom must be 12amus- Chemical Periodicityo Mendeleev found that the properties repeated every 8 elements for the known 70 elements of his time  This arrangement lead to the creation of the Periodic table – Vertical columns are groups  Have 2 different numbering systems  Have similar chemical reactivity  Horizontal rows are periods  Numbered 1-7These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Today’s Lecture- Element Arrangemento Metals – Shiny, bendable and conduct heat and electricity well o Non-metals – Dull, brittle and poor conductors of heat and electricity o Semi-metals or metalloids – Act as both a metal or non-metal for various properties – Semiconductors- Group Nameso Alkalio Alkaline Earth Metalso Chalcogenso Halogenso Noble Gases- Atomic Sizeo Reported as atomic radius (AR); units are Angstroms (Å, 10-10 m) or nmo • Size increases as you go down a groupo • Size decreases as you move left to right- Ionization Energyo Electrons are held to the nucleus through charge attraction o Pulling electron away requires energy o This is called the ionization energy- Accepting/ Donating Electron Ionso Atoms are electrically neutral (positiveo charge = negative charge) If this balance is off, the atom will have a charge and is called an ion This occurs when an electron is added or removed- Imperfection of Rutherford Modelo Rutherford’s model violated classical physics Scientists began to look at light given off by excited gases for clues When excessive energy is added to atoms and they are ionized, they emitenergy as light- What is Light?o Light behaves as a particleo Can count the number of light packets (known as photons) Light behaves as a waveo Moves at a characteristic wavelength/frequency.- Wavelengths- Colors and wavelengthso We can detect (with our eyes) light from roughly 400 to 700 nm Different wavelengths of light give different colors- Energy of Lighto The energy of light can be determined from its wavelengtho E = energy in Joules (J)o h = Planck’s constant (6.626 x 10-34 Js)o c = speed of light (3.00 x 108 m/s)o l = wavelength in meters (m)Announcements- Sign-up sheet disappeared Friday- – Available make up times areo 10-11 am in Wilson 1-125o 1-2 pm in Reid 104o 3-4 pm in Reid 202o Homework 2 due at 11 pm tonighto Exam 1 Review Session tonight (7-9pm) in- Gaines 101o – Bring questions and problems to work- • Check postings on D2L (answers to additional questions, tutorial on Study Area in Mastering Chemistry, constants and periodic table for


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MSU CHMY 121IN - Basics of the Periodic Table

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