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UT Arlington BIOL 2457 - Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Human Body

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BIOL 2457 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last LectureI. Form and FunctionOutline of Current LectureI. Form and Function II. Two branches of science that deal with body’s parts and functiona. Anatomy i. The science of body structures and relationships among themii. First studied by dissection (cutting apart)iii. Imaging techniques now availableb. Physiologyi. The science of body functions – how body parts workIII. Subspecialties of Anatomy and PhysiologyIV. Structure and FunctionV. Structure and function of the body are closely relatedVI. Structure of a part of the body allows performance of certain functionsa. Examples:i. Bones of the skull provide protection for the brainii. Thin air sacs of the lungs permit movement of oxygenVII. Levels of Structural OrganizationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.VIII. Levels of Structural Organization IX. CHEMICAL LEVELa. Basic level i. Atoms 1. The smallest unit of matter2. Essential atoms for life include carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and sulfur (S)ii. Molecules1. Two or more atoms joined together2. Examplesa. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)b. Glucose3. Levels of Structural OrganizationX. CELLULAR LEVELa. Molecules combine to form cellsi. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of an organismii. There are many different kinds of cells in the bodyiii. Examples1. Muscle cells2. Nerve cells3. Epithelial cells4. Bone CellsXI. Levels of Structural OrganizationXII. TISSUE LEVELa. Tissues are groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work to perform a particular functioni. Four basic types of tissues:1. Epithelial 2. Connective3. Muscular4. NervousXIII. Levels of Structural OrganizationXIV. ORGAN LEVELa. Tissues are joined together to form organsi. Organs 1. Structures that are composed of two or more different types of tissues2. Have specific functions and recognizable shapes3. Examples:a. Heart, lungs, kidneysb. Stomach is made of several tissuesc. Serous membrane, smooth muscle and epithelial layers for digestion XV. Levels of Structural OrganizationXVI. SYSTEM LEVELa. A system consists of related organs with a common functionb. Organ-system leveli. Digestive system breaks down and absorbs food1. It includes organs such as the mouth, small and large intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreasii. Eleven systems of the human bodyXVII. Levels of Structural OrganizationXVIII. ORGANISMAL LEVELa. An organism or any living individualb. All parts of the body functioning together XIX. Clinical Connection: Noninvasive Diagnostic TechniquesXX. Used to assess aspects of body structure and functiona. Inspection of the body to observe any changesi. Palpation 1. Gently touching body surfaces with handsii. Auscultation1. Listening to body sounds (stethoscope)iii. Percussion 1. Tapping on the body surface with fingertips and listening to echoesXXI. Characteristics of Living Human OrganismCurrent Lecture XXII. Basic Life Processesa. Distinguish living from non-living thingsb. Seven important life processi. Metabolismii. Responsivenessiii. Movementiv. Growthv. Differentiationvi. Reproductionvii.


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UT Arlington BIOL 2457 - Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Human Body

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