GEOL 1040 1st Edition Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture X. Upper 200Km of Earth a. Crustb. MantleXI. Lithospherec. Made up ofd. Makes up plates in the plate tectonics theory XII. Difference in Cruste. Thickness and density affects crustXIII. Process and energy on Earthf. Effects on Earth’s surfaceg. Water cycles XIV.What can happen to a rockh. Weatheringi. Erosion and Transportj. Depositionk. Burial and Lithificationsl. Deformation and Metamorphismm. MeltingThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.n. Solidificationo. UplifOutline of Current Lecture XV. Solar Systema. Earth’s Originb. Earth’s place in the solar systemc. Planets in the solar systemd. How the moon formedXVI. Exploring Geology: Chapter 2e. Scientist use the scientific methodXVII. The theory of plate tectonics: Chapter 3f. Idea of Continental drifg. Evidence (used by Wegener)h. Arthur Holmes provided ideas for the “mechanisms” behind continental drif in 1928XVIII. Fitting continents together todayi. Fitting S.A. and Africa together todayXIX. Types of Plate Boundariesj. Divergentk. Convergentl. TransformXX. Oceanic Platesm. The oldest sea floor is 180 million yearsn. When two oceanic plates convergeCurrent LectureXV. Solar Systemo. Earth’s Origini. Made from compacted materials from outer spacep. Earth’s place in the solar systemi. 3rd planet from the sunq. Planets in the solar systemi. Mercury1. Closest to the sun2. Hot because it has no atmosphere to block UV raysii. Venus1. Hot because it has a thick atmosphere that traps heata. Green House effectiii. Earth1. Has a moona. Reflects sunlight back towards Earthb. Moon’s gravity causes tidesiv. Mars1. Smaller that Earth2. Once had waterv. Jupiter1. Largest planet in solar system2. Mostly composed of hydrogen and heliumvi. Saturn1. Gas planet2. Huge rings made up of chunk and dustvii. Uranus 1. Gas planet2. Methane makes it bluishviii. Neptune1. Gas Planet2. Methane makes It blueishix. Pluto1. Small icy object2. Debated heavily if it is or is not a planer. How the moon was formedi. Material hit the Earthii. Pieces of the Earth flew into spaceiii. The piece that stayed in orbit became the moonXVI. Exploring Geology: Chapter 2s. Scientist use the scientific methodi. involvesgathering facts through observations and formulation of hypotheses and theories1. Hypothesis: involves gathering facts through observations and formulation of hypotheses and theories2. Theory: set of hypothesis and FACT that have survived repeated challenges and accepted by majority of scientific communityii. not the only method scientist useXVII. The theory of plate tectonics: Chapter 3t. Idea of Continental drifi. Made by Alfred Wegener in 1915ii. Pangea broke apart 200 million years agou. Evidence (used by Wegener)i. Geographically countries can fit together like a puzzle1. Especially South America to Africaii. Fossils match from across the sea1. Having the same animals from North America be found in Europewhen there is an ocean between them seemed impossibleiii. Sequence of rock typesiv. Ancient climates not explained with current positons1. Evidence of Glaciers in South America showed that South America was not always where it wasv. Unfortunately his ideas were not accepted at that time1. People believed animals crossed to other land by:a. Island hopingb. Rafingc. Isthmian linksi. Like the connection of land between Alaska and Europed. But NOT by Continental Drifs v. Arthur Holmes provided ideas for the “mechanisms” behind continental drif in 1928i. More accepted theoryXVIII. Fitting continents together todayw. Fitting S.A. and Africa together todayi. There would be gaps and overlapsii. Gaps caused by:1. Erosioniii. Added material caused by:1. Volcanoes2. Deposit of sedimentsa. Like from the Amazon RiverXIX. Types of Plate Boundariesx. Divergenti. Moving away from each otherii. Mid Ocean Ridgesiii. Continental Rif Valleyiv. Volcanismy. Convergenti. Come togetherii. Mountains1. Subductiona. Plate moves under plateb. Deals with densityi. Andes mountains is caused by a heavy dense ocean plate moving under the less dense continental platez. Transformi. Slide Past each otherii. Parts of the Mid Atlantic Ridgeiii. San Andres Fault, CAiv. Alpine Fault, New Zealand XX. Oceanic Platesaa. The oldest sea floor is 180 million yearsi. This is because the oceanic crust is dense1. Leads it to subduct and go back into the Earthbb. When two oceanic plates convergei. The older plate subducts1. The older the plate, the cooler it is2. Younger plates are warmer and rise over the older onesa. The warmer the subducted plate is, the shallower the subduction