BCHM 4116 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Current Lecture I. Biochemistry 4116 OverviewII. The Central Dogma/ Challenging the Central Dogma Current LectureBiochemistry 4116 Overview1. Key structures and their structures and functions: DNA/RNA2. 3 R’s of genetic material 3. Genes  functional proteins4. How do cells receive and respond to signals5. New trends and advances6. Practical examples and approachesThe Central DogmaDNA RNA PROTEINChallenging the Central DogmaThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. TranslationTranscriptionReverse TranscriptionprionEpigeneticsmRNARibozyme Genetic -materialRetroviruses: RNA is transcribed to DNA1. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)a. DNA is transcribed to RNAb. Generally used as genetic material c. Epigenetics: DNA has information, but not necessarily the code for all the information (environmental effects, methylation) d. DNA is transcribed to RNA, which is an information intermediate 2. RNA (ribonucleic acid)a. RNA is translated to proteinsb. Retroviruses: these viruses use RNA as genetic information storage, and use reverse transcription to make DNAc. Functions as an information intermediate (1)d. Functions as a store of genetic information (RNA World Hypothesis) (2)e. Has catalytic function (mRNA, ribozyme) (3)i. Not just an information intermediate, like a protein it can perform catalytic activity like a protein/enzyme3. Proteina. The manifestation of the information stored in the DNA to make a functional proteinb. Gene expression: the process of taking genetic code (DNA, or RNA for retroviruses) and expressing it as a proteinc. Prion: conformation, or structure of a protein contains information can be passedon to other proteins, making these prions infectious. i. Information can be stored in a protein structure, not just the code to make the proteinRNA World Hypothesis: RNA is the origin of life. This one molecule can perform the functions ofall three components of the central dogma. It can store information as DNA does. It can act an information intermediate as RNA does, and it can have catalytic function as