FOR 232 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture I. System Maintenance (fluxes)II. Six requirements for Plant GrowthIII. Factors of Soil FormationIV. What constrains fluxes?V. Dynamic 4-phase systemVI. Texture and structure VII. Pore size distributionVIII. Site qualityIX. Topography X. Morphological ‘footprint’ of seasonally high water table?XI. Soil Drainage classesXII. Traffic= Affects soil physical propertiesXIII. Affecting flux of water XIV. Affecting flux of gas and aerationXV. Affecting flux of energyOutline of Current Lecture: Adaptation to Environment (Chapter 5)I. AdaptationII. Liebig’s Law of Minimum: (1840)III. Blackman’s Law of Limiting Factors (1905):IV. Shelford’s Law of Tolerance (1913): V. FitnessVI. Compensating factorsVII. HomeostasisCurrent LectureI. Adaptation: any heritable, morphological, physiological or behavioral characteristic that maintains or increases the fitness of an organism in a given environmenta. Traits with a new trait gradually dominating a population through reproductionby the most fit individualsi. “Survival of the Fittest”- Charles Darwinii. Trait change occurs by chance through crossing during reproduction 1. Not because one organism decided to alter its shape, color inherent physiological functions or other attributes in response to a dramatic shifThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. Plants do not strategize or make decisions, so don’t assign plants the powers to determine their future; this is called anthropomorphismc. Example of adaptation: with the different color phases that evolved through timein the snowshoe hareII. Liebig’s Law of Minimum: (1840)a. survival, growth, and development determined by essential environment factor in the least supplyIII. Blackman’s Law of Limiting Factors (1905):a. Both the minimum and maximum supply of a critical environmental factor may prove limitingIV. Shelford’s Law of Tolerance (1913): a. Reproduction, growth, and function of an organism depend on the minimum (or maximum) amount of essential environmental factor at the most critical times in life.V. Fitness:a. Includes the capacity of a tree species to; survive, develop, flower and produce seedi. Low fitness would mean no reproduction and eventual loss from a siteb. Professor always uses examples from the 4 corners: the states are Colorado, Utah, New Mexico and Arizona****** will probably be on middle term or finalVI. Compensating factors: a. That good levels of one environmental element may compensate for a limited supply of anotheri. Ex) uptake of abundant moisture from the soil may support increased rates of transpirationii. Cooler temperatures and less direct insolation on north and upper slopes reduce transpiration and moisture taken up from the limited amount in soil.VII. Homeostasis:a. Maintenance of a relatively constant internal body environmentb. Regulating a variety of conditions in the bodyi. Body temperatureii. Internal water balanceiii. pHiv. salts and fluids in cells and tissuesc. Homeostasis Plateau:i. The “safe zone” of an