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NCSU CH 221 - Nomenclature Cont.
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CH 221 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. Alkyl HalidesII. Ethersa. Common Namesb. Systematic NamesIII. Classification of AlcoholsIV. Systematic Names of DiolsV. Classification of Aminesa. Systematic Names of AminesOutline of Current Lecture VI. Quarternary Ammonium SaltsVII. Staggered and Eclipsed StructuresVIII. Zig Zag Arrangement IX. Bond Angles in Planar Cyclic AlkanesCurrent LectureVI. Ammonium Salts:- When there are four groups bonded to the N, the groups are stated in alphabetical orderfollowed by “ammonium” and the name of the ion.- Ex. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide- The structure of an alcohol resembles that of water as does the structure of ethers.- Alcohols and Ethers are structurally like water with sp3 hybridizations and either one or two Hs replaced with Rs.VII. Staggered and Eclipsed Structures- The rotation occurs around a single bond.- The staggered and eclipsed conformers of ethane require a 60º rotation.- Lower energy is better and staggered is more stable than eclipsed.- Rotation can also occur about the three carbon-carbon bonds in butane.- The carbon with the lowest number is in the front.- Steric strain is the repulsion between the electron clouds of atoms or groups.VIII. Examples of compounds with a zig zag arrangement include:These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- 1-pentanol- Butyl ethyl ether- 1-octanamineIX. Bond angles- 3 carbons, 60º- 4 carbons, 90º- 5 carbons, 108º- 6 carbons, 120º- Cyclobutane- molecules twist out of a planar arrangement to minimize angle strain and the number of eclipsed hydrogens. - The chair conformer of cyclohexane is completely free of strain, all bond angles are 111º and all adjacent bonds are eclipsed.- Each equatorial bond is parallel to two axial bonds.- Ring flip- cyclohexane interconnects between two stable carbon conformers which is thebest


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NCSU CH 221 - Nomenclature Cont.

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