Psych 243 1st Edition Lecture 1Outline of Current Lecture I. Intro to stats & research methodsII.New VocabularyIII. What is an aged sample?IV. Two kinds of statistics Current LectureIntro to stats & research methods - Psychology is empirical science based on observations (data)o Quantified & analyzed to draw scientific conclusion - Psychological research has two elements:o Research methods: formulate questions & collect data: architecto Statistics: the tools that you use to answer those questions: contractorNew Vocabulary - Statistics: A set of methods & rules for organizing, summarizing & interpreting information (data)- Population: ENTIRE SET of individuals that you purport to study e.g. healthy adults, adults w/ depression etc.- Sample: Relatively small subset of scores or individuals that you have available to observe e.g. 30 healthy adults, 10 adults w/ depressiono Participants: individuals measured in sampleWhat is a good sample?- To generalize your sample to a population:o Randomly selected from population of interest Each person in population has equal probability of being selected o Representative of population Characteristics of sample reflect those of population of interest Two kinds of statisticsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Descriptive: organizing, summarizing & looking for relationships in a sample or population e.g. Average GPA, typical college major etc.o Helps easily understand data without looking at individual scores (average)o Helps us predict behavior- Inferential: techniques based on probability that tell us whether we can generalize beyond our sample to the population- A variable is anything that can take on more than 1 value e.g. hair color, eye color, weight etc.o Quantitative: amount of variableo Qualitative: classification- Relationships: when a change in one variable leads to a systematic change in another variable associationo Degree of consistency in relationship= strength  Extent to which a variable is closely relatedo No connection= no