BIO 105 1st Edition Lecture 8Past Lecture20th century Roosevelt and MuirRoosevelt and Pinchot Forest Service Department of Agriculture (FSD)- Pinchot, land set aside for “wise use”National Park Service (NPS)- Muir, land under strict protection for the purpose of preservation.-Both FSD and NPS have ecological complications. The FSD allows mining that leads to the land to erode. The NPS has a“hand’s off” approach and sometime it’ll backfire. **Diverse ecosystems help biodiversity**Logging is helpful but is harmful if done incorrectly. Logging can lead to erosion, and because of the unsupportive groundsurface. And also, sometimes will lead to empty mountaintops. NFS forestland in Western North Carolina has a vast majority of the same-age trees and contains little variety. The ages range from 60-100 years old because that is around the time when the government came under control of the land. (Meadows and young forests are highly productive)There are a few benefits from disturbance—Fire, mowing, carefully, clear-cut light growing.Mosaic landscape promotes diversity and is well desired. Aldo Leopold: (mid 20th century) set the foundation for “modern” conservation. He grew up learning the ideas of Pinchot and used his training (ears, eyes) to observe and began to see things differently. Leopold began to understand a system of interrelated processes and species, including humans (the “land”). He challenged what is “right” and The Land Ethic (there’s the good, the bad, or the not needed). Believed the community was no longer including just humans, but all the land, soil, plants, animals, and water. It matters what the outcomes or results is. Current LectureConcept: Triple Bottom Line – 1. Dollar value (human economy cost will always be important. 2. Human cost or benefit (Society) 3. Cost or benefit to the natural world (environment)Work Ethic: an extension of development ethic. It has value regardless of the outcome. We work to better ourselves. One negative of the work ethic is that the money ($) might be the only interest for humans.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Both urged for government involvementRachel Carson: (1950-60’s) Wrote Silent Spring, which was published in 1962. The book challenged the use of pesticides.It highlighted dangers about the use of pesticides and illuminated the dark side of science. New technologies just lead to new chemicals. The book also initiated discussion about nature and environment, and warned society about pesticides overuse. DDT was a chemical that was used to control insects. DDT was sprayed all over people properties and public beaches. The chemical would eventually accumulate in the water, and the passed along through the food chain. Once the chemical is in the bodies it stays there. Bioaccumulation- The process by which a contaminant accumulates in the tissues of an organism.The absorption and concentration of toxic chemicals in living organisms. Heavy metals and pesticides, such as DDT, are stored in the fatty tissues of animals and passed along to predators of those animals. The result is higher and higher concentrations of the pesticide in fatty tissue, eventually reaching harmful levels in predators at the top of the food chain, such as eagles. Also called biomagnification**Environmentalism has built dramatically over the past couple century. In April 1970, the first Earth Day was celebrated. Twenty million people participated.Thomas Berry (late 20th –early 21st century): He believed the universe (all of nature) is sacred, a mean of knowing the Devine. Reestablish lost intimacy with the natural world (this is how our inner lives are enriched). The magnitude of current events is not recognized and the profound change in human consciousness. It’s more than just recycling.Cultural Autism: Humans are daydreaming; they are focusing on themselves and not the world around us. By 1970’s scientists were confident that global warming was a risk of burning fossil fuels, but efficiently decreased in the following decades. For decades, carbon emissions have increased per person even knowing the risk. “The universe has important and special roleto play”Important LegislationThe Lacy Act- First wildlife law and states that it is a federal offense to move poached special across state boundariesPittman Roberson Act- (1937) 11% tax on arm and ammunitions. It establish funds for restoring wildlife and used primary for game species and