GCD 3022 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Review of Mendel’s Lawsa. Law of Segregationb. Law of Independent AssortmentII. Dihybrid Test CrossIII. Pedigree Analysisa. ExplanationIV. Probabilitya. Explanationb. General Equationc. Random Sampling Errord. Product Rulei. Example e. Binomial Expansion Equationi. ExampleV. Chi Square Testa. Goodness of Fitb. Null Hypothesisc. EquationThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Outline of Current Lecture I. VocabularyII. Eukaryotic Chromosome InheritanceIII. Mitosis and CytokinesisIV. Meiosis , a. Process of meiosisb. Spermatogenesisc. OogenesisCurrent LectureI. Vocabularya. Eukaryotes: organisms that have a nucleus containing DNAb. Prokaryotes: organisms with no nucleus, just a bundle of genetic informationc. Chromosome: 2 columns of tightly coiled DNA that forms an X-shape because thetwo homologs are held together by a centromered. Homologs: members of a pair of chromosomes, form a homologous pairi. Nearly identical in sizeii. Have the same banding pattern and centromere locationiii. Have the same genes (but not necessarily the same alleles)e. Mitosis: the process of cellular replication in somatic (non-gamete) cellsf. Cytokinesis: process of dividing the cytoplasm of one cell into two cells, at the end of mitosis or meiosisg. Meiosis: the formation of haploid gametes from diploid cellsh. Haploid: containing half the genetic material of a diploid celli. Gamete: egg and spermj. Spermatogenesis: formation of spermk. Oogenesis: formation of eggsII. Eukaryotic Chromosome Inheritancea. Eukaryotic chromosomes are inherited in setsb. The chromosomes move from somatic cell to somatic cell (diploid)III. Mitosis and Cytokinesisa. The product of mitosis/cytokinesis results in two daughter cellsb. The daughter cells are genetically identical to each other c. Mitosis ensures genetic consistency from one cell to the next IV. Meiosisa. The primary mode of reproduction in eukaryotesb. Parents (diploid) make gametes with half the amount of genetic material (haploid)c. The gametes fuse with each other during fertilization to create a new diploid individuald. Spermatogenesis: meiosis I produces two primary spermatocytes, meiosis II yields four haploid spermatocytes, and each spermatid matures into a haploid sperm cell. Symmetrical process, producing 4 identical mature sperme. Oogenesis: similar to spermatogenesis (undergoing meiosis I and II), but producing one egg and two polar bodies (waste
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