Chem 103 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I. Atomsa. Democritusb. John Daltonc. Chemical View of the Atomd. Elementse. CompoundsII. Measurements and Measurement Unitsa. Metric SystemOutline of Current Lecture I. TemperatureII. Scientific Notationa. Multiplying Scientific Notationb. Dividing Scientific Notation III. Significant Figuresa. Rules of Sig figsCurrent LectureTemperatureConverting Temperature- Converting degrees Fahrenheit to degrees Celsiuso °C = 5/9*(°F-32)o °C to °F: °F = 9/5(°C) + 32- Converting Kelvin to degrees Fahrenheito °C = K – 273.15o °C to K: K = °C + 273.15These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Scientific NotationFor showing very large or very small numbers conveniently. Scientific notation consists of: M x 10n- M is a number between 1 and 10 (cannot equal 10)o Number M is written with decimal in standard position, which is to the right of the first nonzero digit in the number M- n is a positive or negative whole numbero positive n values indicate the number of places to the right that the decimal point was originally locatedo negative n values indicate the number of places to the left that the decimal point was originally locatedEx: Positive n value: 123000 = 1.23 x 105 Negative n value: 0.000123 = 1.23 x 10-4Multiplying Scientific Notation- Step 1: Multiply the M values to one another. The new M value is the M value of the product.- Step 2: Add together the n values to one another. The new n value is the n value of the product.- Step 3: The final product is the new M value x 10new n value- Note: If the new M needs its decimal to be moved back into standard position, the n value must be adjusted.- Ex: (3.0x108)(4.0x10-2) = 3.0 x 4.0 x 10(8-2) = 12.0x106 = 1.2x107Dividing Scientific Notation- Step 1: Divide the M values from one another. The new M value is the M value of the quotient.- Step 2: Subtract the denominator (bottom) n value from the numerator (top) n value. The new n value is the n value of the quotient.- Step 3: The final quotient is the new M value x 10new n value- Note: If the new M needs its decimal to be moved back into standard position, the n value must be adjusted.- Ex: (3.0x108)/(4.0x10-2) = 3.0/4.0 x 10(8)-(-2) = 0.75 x 1010 = 7.5x109Significant FiguresSignificant figures are the certain numbers in a measurement followed by one estimated number. This comes from the practice that when we are measuring something, we know that our measuring device is not perfect, and thus must make a further estimate. For example, if we measure the length of an object with a ruler that can only measure 0.1 cm, we must estimate within 0.01 cm. Say that the length of the object is between the 2.5 cm and 2.6 cm mark of the ruler. We would record the length as 2.55. Rules of Significant Figures- Leading zeroes are never significant figures. Ex: 0.0052- Buried zeroes are always significant figures. Ex: 0.5002- Trailing zeroes are generally significant figures. Ex: