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Southern Miss HIS 101H - Asia's First Civilization (India and China) continued...

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HIS 101H 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture I. IndiaII. ChinaOutline of Current Lecture I. China civilizationsII. Progress with different dynasty’sCurrent LectureI. Asia’s First Civilizations (India and China) continued…A.The Ayrans- A materialized culture- Linguistic (not racial) appear to have been lighter skinned- Invaded India and middle East from area of Caspian and Black Sea- Not as impressive as Harappa- Introduced the beginning of the cast system- position in society decided at birth and by family- Society divided into warriors, priest, and commoners- Later became 4 varnas, 1 Branmans, 2 warriors, 3 merchants, 4 farmers- Untouchable beneath all- deal with dirt jobs of society; decided at birth and family status- No real social mobility except in castB. Culture- Physical strength, martial art skills, and heroism like Greek- larger than life- Patrilineal descent and inheritance- Religious belief emphasized sacrifice ritual offering and enjoying life- be happy to worship the gods and appreciate what they left for us- Reincarnation ideas emerged laterC. Ancient China- Peaking man (400,000) B.C.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Civilization emerge in bend of Yellow river- because of the soil that the river drags in- Early cultures identified by pottery types and location ( Yongshoa and Longshan)- Development of agriculture, towns- lead into the Shang Dynasty- Culture heroes- sage kings and xia dynastyD.The Shang Dynasty- 1st historical dynasty- Came about oracle bone and shell inspiration- Ritual and spiritual life- Ancestor worship- Domestication of silkworms- Bronze technology- showed that the king was able to have a productive society- The king was the son of heavenE. Society - Theocratic and hierarchical - Ritualized warfare marked by great chariot battles- Supreme duty: Shangou (god on High)- Capital city- yin - Drinking- Elaborate tombs/ burial rituals like EgyptF. Chinese Writing- Oldest on bones and shells- Oracles like Greece- Originally photographic- Now phonetic more abstract- Romanization issues- conversion of the characters to English alphabetsG. From Shang to Zhou [Doc 2,4]- The last Shang king wicked and debauched- Overthrow by vassals from state of Zhou- Led by King Wen and Duke of Zhou- Concept of the Mandate of Heaven (Tian Ming)- overthrow of KingH. the Zhou (Chou) order- Federal structure- Capitals at Xian and Luoyang- Shi class (Knights)- larger class- Peasants subject to taxes and conscription- Society still agriculture not as the acratic as Shang- Social Mobility- allowed to move upI. Contacts and Expansion- Nomadic incursions and greater agriculture productivity led peasants to expand south between Yellow and Yangzi Rivers- Western Zhou falls to nomadic invaders in 771 B.C.- Political power


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