NUTR 1030 1st Edition Lecture 6Outline of Last Lecture I. Understand the process of absorptionII. Identify where primary nutrients are absorbed in the bodyIII. Differentiate between the role of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems in absorptionOutline of Current Lecture I. Identify possible outcomes of digestion problems Current LectureDigestion Gone Awry:Heartburn: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)- Gnawing pain in the upper chest- Acid from stomach to esophagus Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)- More serious form of GERCause- abnormal lower esophageal sphincter relaxation or weakness allows backflowTreatment-- Lifestyle changes- Over-the-counter medications- Prescription medications- SurgeryThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Ulcers:- Helicobacter pylori- bacteria causing ulcers- Heavy use of aspirin- Excessive acid production in the stomachSymptoms:- Pain 2 hours after eatingTreatment:- Avoid foods that aggravate symptoms- Antibiotics- AntacidGallstones: Small, hard deposits that can form in the gallbladder- May cause the gallbladder to become inflamed, resulting in pain, infection, etc.- Gall bladder “attack”Primary symptoms: steady gripping or gnawing pain in the upper right abdomen near rib cage- Fatty meals may trigger painTreatment: Surgical removal of gallbladderFood Intolerances: Inability to digest certain food components- Usually due to low amounts of specific enzymes- NOT the same as food allergiesCauses:- Enzyme deficiency (Ex: lactase)- Sensitivities to food components (Ex: gluten)NOT the same as celiac disease!- Sensitivities to food additives (Ex: MSG)- Other contaminantsIntestinal Gas: Normal- Comes from swallowed air and bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the large intestineConstipation: Slows movement of fecal matter- Increases with fluid reabsorption; hardening of fecesCauses:- Results from ignoring normal urges- Antacids, calcium and iron supplement- Medications- Lack of activityTreatment:- Plenty of dietary fiber and fluids- Activity- Laxatives (avoid overuse)Diarrhea: Potential Causes:- Infection by bacteria (food poisoning)- Infections by other organisms- Eating foods that upset digestive system- Allergies to certain foods- Medications- Intestinal disease (Crohn’s disease)- MalabsorptionTreatment:- Plenty of fluids, replace electrolytes- Prompt treatment of infants and the elderly- Avoid greasy, high-fiber and very sweet foodsIrritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS):- Common disorder of intestines (10-15% of US)- Affects mostly women- Causes are unknownSymptoms:- Diarrhea, constipation, abdominal crampsTreatments:- Diet/lifestyle change, medicationsInflammatory Bowel Disease: Involves chronic inflammation of all/part of the digestive tract (different than IBS)Symptoms:- Severe diarrhea- Pain- Fatigue- Weight lossTwo types:- Crohn’s disease: inflammation can involve different areas of the digestive tract- large intestine, small intestine or both- Ulcerative Colitis: causes long-lasting inflammation and sores in the innermost lining of colon and rectumDiagnosis: endoscopyTreatment: Anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs, surgery, “bowel rest”Hemorrhoids: Swollen veins of the rectum/anusCauses:- Added stress and pressure to the vesselsTreatment:- Check with physician - Warm compresses to reduce- Adequate fiber and
View Full Document