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CU Denver PBHL 2001 - What is Public Health

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PBHL 2001 1st Edition Lecture 1What is Public HealthPublic health is the science of protecting and improving the health of families and communities through promotion of healthy lifestyles, research for disease and injury prevention, and detection and control of infectious diseases. Simply: Science of preventing disease and promoting health and well being of populations.Public Health vs MedicineGoal: Prevention vs HealingWho: Populations vs IndividualsDecision-Maker: Community (government) vs IndividualsPrevention (this depends on who you are targeting; prevention vs treatment):Primary- Addresses risk factors to prevent a disease/injury from happening at all (Ex: Smoking cessation, vaccines, fluoridated water, install traffic lights)Secondary- Identifies and addresses pathologic changes early to minimize every of illness/injury (Ex: Mammograms, blood sugar testing, blood pressure checks)Tertiary- Treats illness/injury to reduce impairment and disability (Ex: Chemotherapy, eye examsfor diabetics, counseling to reduce risk factors, 911)Tools Used in Public Health Advocacy and PoliciesGovernment RegulationsSystems (Ex: Emergency Responders)Community PartnershipsMedia and CommunicationNotable Public Health CampaignsVaccination and cotrol of infectious diseasesMotor-vehicle safetySafer workplacesSafer and healthier foodsSafe drinking waterHealthier mothers and babies and access to family planningDecline in deaths from coronary heart disease and strokeRecognition of tobacco use as a health hazard3 Core Functions (Public Health vs Medicine) Assessment vs DiagnosePolicy Development vs Treatment PlanAssurance vs Treatment 10 Essential ServicesAssessmentMonitor Health: Community health assessment to identify problems; registries of certain illnesses (Ex: AIDS) Diagnose and Investigate: Investigate infectious disease outbreaks and other health problems (Ex: Track down people who have been in contact with a virus) Policy DevelopmentInform, Educate, Empower: Health education and promotion Mobilize Community Partnerships: Partnerships with private sector, civic groups, Develop Policies: Using scientific evidence to develop plans to address health problems and promote healthAssuranceEnforce Laws: Enforcement of laws designated to protect healthLink To/ Provide Care: Access to care, link with primary careAssure Competent Workforce: Public health workforce and leadershipEvaluate: Evaluation and continuous quality improvement of health careEpidemiologyStudy of Disease:Patterns- How a disease is distributed in a population, factors that influence disease distribution Causes- How and why does a disease develop in some people and not othersGoals1. To identify the cause of disease and the factors that increase risk2. Determine the extent of disease3. Study development of prognosis of disease BiostatisticsApplication of statistics to medicine and healthDesign research studies and analyze dataFormulate research questionsDevelop sampling techniquesDevelop new statistical techniques Biomedical SciencesApplications of science disciplines to public health problemsDisciplines such as:BiologyImmunology Environmental Health SciencesHow the physical environment influences healthAir, WaterSocial and Behavioral Sciences Social causes of health- Health disparities Behavioral causes of health - lifestyle factorsKnown for:Program planning and evaluationHealth Communication Health behavior theory Health Policy and ManagementEconomic and political factors Health services research:Access to careQuality of careEffectiveness, efficiency, and equity of health care systemHealth care economicsHealth care organization Public Health WorkforceEmergency RespondersHealth EducatorsPolicymakersPublic Health Doctors and NursesSocial WorkersOccupational Health and Safety Professionals Sanitarians (Public Health Inspectors)Community Planners PUBLIC HEALTH IS AN INVISIBLE PROFESSION: PREVENTION IS A NON-EVENT Russia and other examples from prologue In U.S. it’s taken for granted:Safe WaterClean AirFreedom from exposures to radiationSterile medical instruments AntibioticsVaccines Emergency response to natural disastersPublic Health Approach1. Define the health problem2. Identify the risk factors associated with the problem3. Develop and test community-level intersections to control or prevent the cause4. Implement interventions to improve health5. Monitor interventions to assess


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CU Denver PBHL 2001 - What is Public Health

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