Operating in the black means to operate at a profit. Only about 30% of Division I (FBS) men’s football and basketball and less than 20% of women’s sport programs operate in the black.SPTE 110Exam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 5Lecture 1What is Sport and Why Do We Study It?Sport is a microcosm of societyWhy do people choose to study sport?1. Sport is an integral part of everyday life2. It builds connections with strangers and communities3. It provides identities for cities and schools4. It provides role models in our society5. It affects our culture, traditions, and valuesWhat did Varda Burstyn say about sport?The feelings and identification engendered by sport “approximate the experience of religion more than any other form of human cultural practice”What is the difference between Play, Games, Sport, and Work?Play is a free activity meant to explore the environment, express oneself, dream, and pretend. There are no firm rules, and the outcome is unimportant. Examples of play include tag,and hide and seek.Games are specialized forms of play with more structure. There are informal and or formalrules. It is more competitive and the outcome is prestige or status. Examples of games include card games, and video/board games.Sport is a higher order of play and games. It must include physical activity and skill. It is very competitive and the outcome is important to participants (and others) and it is not predetermined. Sports require specialized facilities and equipment. Examples of sports include baseball, basketball, and football. Work is the physical or mental effort needed to perform a task. Work is often connected to earning a living. Professional athletes work when they are paid to play a sport. Examples of work include pro football/hockey/baseball/basket. What is the definition of sport in North America?It is an institutionalized competitive activity that involves physical skill and specialized facilities or equipment, and is conducted according to an accepted set of rules to determine a winner.What are the characteristics of a spontaneous play group?It is a competitive physical activity with no formal organization. Mostly played for the fun of it, and there is usually no adult supervision.What are the characteristics of organized teams?They are competitive physical activities on a sponsored competitive team in an organized league. It is supervised and controlled by adults. The goal is to win and fun may or may not be apart of that. What are the three domains of Sport Science?1. Biophysical2. Psychosocial3. SocioculturalBe able to identify what each domain focuses on. What category does this class fit into?Sports sociology Lecture 2 How Do We Study Sport? What are the two main types of research methods?1. Quantifiable 2. 2. QualitativeName the six different research tools: 1. survey 2. interview3. content research4. ethnography5. historical research6. societal analysisBe able to identify the six different social theories Functionalist theory, conflict theory, critical theory, feminist theory, interactionist theory,figurational theoryLecture 3: Participants Vs SpectatorsTrue or False: Participants are more likely to be spectators, but spectators are not necessarily more likely to be participantsTrueWhat percent of Americans participate in recreational activities?About 65%What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic rewards?Extrinsic rewards are things such as fame and money. Intrinsic rewards are things such asfun and fitness.What two thing influence sport participation?Social influences and demographic influences. What types of activities have the greatest growth in participation?Fitness activities including pilates, elliptical training, lacrosse, table tennis, and stretching. What are the top five participant sports?1. Basketball2. Soccer3. Tennis4. Baseballa. Note: baseball and softball were surveyed as separate sports, but if they areput together they would be #1. 5. VolleyballAt ages 9 and 15 how many hours of physical activity does children average?At age 9, average about three hours of physical activity on the weekdays and weekends. At age 15, they average 49 minutes per weekday and 35 minutes on the weekends.The largest percentages of Americans are fans of what sport?64% of Americans are fans of professional football.People watch sports they can identify with. Lecture 4: Business of SportWhat era led to sport consumers?The industrialization era.What kind of person is most likely to own a professional sports team?The majority of owners of professional sports are wealthy, powerful white males. Who was Tom Yawkey?He owned the Boston Red Sox because he loved the game of baseball and wanted to promote the sport. What was the average value of an NFL team in 1998? Now?In 1998 the average value of an NFL team was $288 million and now it is $1.04 billion. (500% increase)What usually appreciates and what usually depreciates?The team usually appreciates and the players depreciate.Ticket sales account for what percent of NFL’s revenue?23% of NFL’s revenue accounts for ticket sales and 15 to 60% comes from media revenue.What are the differences between public and private funds?Public funds consist of sales taxes, proximity and beneficiary taxes, bed taxes, bonds, and tax increments financing. Private funds consists of the owner or league’s contributions, bank loans, local business loans, and personal seat licenses. What team was the first to use PSLs? (Personal Seat License)The Carolina Panthers. How long is the average length of a professional sport career? Less than 10 years.What was the 1991 budget for Gamecock athletics? 2004? 2014?In 1991 the budget was $19 million. In 2004, $46 million, and 2014 it was $90 million. Where can colleges receive money?Colleges can receive money from ticket sales, licensing fees, corporate sponsors, and television rights.What does it mean to operate in the black?Operating in the black means to operate at a profit. Only about 30%of Division I (FBS) men’s football and basketball and less than 20% of women’s sport programs operate in the black.What is the average amount of sport equipment sold in the U.S.?$50 billion per year. What did Tom Regan research?Tom Regan, an SPTE professor at USC, researched what kind of economic impact sport has in certain areas. In the fall of 2013-Spring 2014 USC Athletics had an economic impact of $199 million in the Midlands Area. 2,329 jobs were created in the area because of Gamecock