HST 096 1st Edition Lecture 1Outline of Last Lecture N/AOutline of Current Lecture Bering strait Theory vs Indian Creation storiesDetails on tribes throughout the US Current LectureBering Strait theory vs. Native creation stories, e.g. NavahoClovis points first showed that people were associated with them because they were in animal bones along the routes used by the humansNavaho creationKept climbing up through levels of to 5th levelWolf was chief of fauna, mountain lion was the chief of the humansEach level decreases the darkness, reliance on natural world to move onIndians were perhaps aware of evolutionEssential differencesNavaho BST--More light-Navaho was a spiritual journey-Mystical and magical-Harmony between animals and man (consider)--Going South-An attempt to scientifically explain through archaeology (observable evidence like clovis points)-Man simply following game These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-How the world and all that inhabitants came to be-Structure between genders-Training about how to act-Two people-oral-Cultural creation-Geographic migration -Tribes of people migrating-What we call factual created by others-Scientific exploration-physical creationVery recently we were racist, David Muzzey’s “Virgin Continent” populated by few, rightfully taken by Europeans and taken. A visual equivalent would be William Henry Powell’s 1853 Discovery of the Mississippi by De Soto in 1541, pillaged, killed, introduced pathogens but Powell’s depiction De Soto is alive and the Indians are in awe, did not have Teepee’s, Indian’s are a foil against which we can create a Nation.False, natives deserve respect, were their own, good or bad theirs was taken.-Who were the Indian peoples who deserve respect.Any map denies the natives evolving changing self. Their were some thirty different groups of languages that can be identified. But as a continent as a whole north of Mexico there were roughly three hundred languages, many in danger, many extinct.In 500 years we have approximately 3Sadly the more/ higher we say the population was, the larger the death toll calamity.Scholars spend careers trying to find total pop.Now believed in the 70 millions,Books number say between 2-18 million.Population density was different and static populations were only in certain areasBest way to group Peoples is via culture.- Ecosystem and flora fauna that coincide.- Freeze framed maps though don’t allow growthFollowing is freeze frameNorthwest CoastRich in Marine life (Salmon) utilized them for foodBuilding materials for housing, boats, etc.They were sedentary.SouthwestPuebloHousing were stone, wood, adobe(insulator)SedentaryFarmers, pottersCorn very importantAlso beans, squash huntingUtilized irrigationPlains-Buffalo for food, clothing, shelter (hunting done on foot)-Migratory, mobile homes( wooden poles wrapped by buffalo, tipi) dogs pulled and carried these.Northeast (eastern woodland)Cultivated corn, beans and squashDeveloped ceramicsHunted deer, fishBerry collection, wild riceBent saplings over to make housing (long house)SubarcticCanadian Shield (best canoe country on earth, no farming, not enough fish or game) minimal human densityWent north to hunt moose in winterArctic is above tree lineSome Indians are above tree line, mostly Inuit (came 4000 years ago)-Inuit became masters of survival in coldest area on earth-Winter they lived on the coast in igloos using seal oil-Ate seal, walrus, whales-Summer they went inland to fish and hunt caribou What did all the people have in common1. by European standards most natives tended to adapt to nature, not alter (may have been considered poor by Europeans and justified conquest)2. Religious practice were polytheistic (saw spirits in aspects of nature, animistic society), not monotheistic like Europeans.3. Natives had developed some crops, technologies that Europeans found useful and could not be improved ( tobacco, corn, canoes, toboggans)4. Despite adaptation to land, natives lacked 2 crucial items, metal wear (multi-use) and they lack immunity to European diseases.Trade occurred everywhere, but are nicely shown in Eastern woodlandCorn came from south, Shells from FloridaCopper from lake superiorObsidian from IdahoBy Europe connection, large trade