BIOL 1005 1nd EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 6Lecture 1 (January 13)- What are the main concepts for this class? What are the characteristics of life? How do scientists categorize the diversity of life? What is science? What are the assumptions of science?Lecture 2 (January 15) - What is the scientific method? What are scientific theories? What are scientific laws? What is environmental science? What is genetic variation? What is natural selection? What are the four concepts from the video, Tallgrass Prairie: An American Original, and who produced it?Lecture 3 (January 20)- What is evolution? What is the difference between divergent evolution and convergent evolution? Name the three structures and define them. What is artificial selection?Lecture 4 (January 22)- What are the four concepts of the video, The Evolutionary Arms Race, and who producedit?Lecture 5 (January 27)- What are the conditions for genetic equilibrium? What are the five major causes of evolution? What are mutations? List and define the influences of natural selection. What are causes of extinction? When was the first life and age of the Earth estimated tobe? What is energy flow? What are the two types of energy? - Be able to define the following: gene pool, evolution, natural selection, phenotype, genotype, equilibrium population, immigration, emigration, bottleneck and founder effect, directional influence, stabilizing influence, disruptive influence, extinction, virus, viroid, prion, kinetic energy, and potential energy.Lecture 6 (January 29)- What are the uses of energy? What are the Laws of Thermodynamics? What are we dependent on? What is photosynthesis and where does it take place? What is respiration and where does it take place? What is an autotroph? What does C3 favor? What does C4 favor?Sample questions. I have not seen the test and do not know what the questions will be. I have made up these questions simply for you to test your knowledge. This should hopefully give you an idea of what you know and what you need to study. Remember, the professor specifically said the test format will consist of multiple definition, example, and list type questions.1. Which of the following is not a main concept for this course? a. The totality of life cannot be explained merely from a scientific worldviewb. Evolution is a unifying concept in Biologyc. Organisms are diverse but many possess similar attributesd. Science has a finality to it2. To have complex and organized structures that are organic (carbon-based) molecules, acquire and use energy from an environment and convert it into different forms, activelymaintain structure and internal environment (homeostasis), grow, respond, reproduce, and evolve are all examples of what?a. The diversity of lifeb. Characteristics of lifec. Assumptions of lifed. Conditions for genetic equilibrium3. Define evolution.a. Competitionb. Symbiosisc. Changed. Predation4. Define homeostasis.a. Actively maintaining structureb. Actively maintaining an internal environmentc. Both A and Bd. None of the above5. Which of the following is not a way scientist categorize the diversity of life?a. Energy acquisitionb. Cell colorc. Cell numberd. Cell type6. “… the organized, systematic enterprise that gathers knowledge about the world and condenses the knowledge into testable laws and principles.” – E.O. Wilson, Consilience This is the definition of what?a. Biologyb. Sciencec. Ecologyd. Environmental science7. Natural causality, common perception, and uniformity in space and time are all ______. a. Known facts of scienceb. Assumptions of sciencec. Proven by scienced. Examples of science8. Define hypothesis.a. Educated guessb. Guessc. Assumptionsd. Testable educated guess9. Define scientific theory.a. A set of experiments over many yearsb. A set of principles over many yearsc. A set of experiments over many years that yield the same resultsd. A set of principles over many years that yield the same results10. Define scientific law.a. A set of experiments over many yearsb. A set of principles over many yearsc. A set of experiments for which there has been no exceptiond. A set of principles for which there has been no exception11. Interactions of humans with ecological systems is _____.a. Environmental Scienceb. Ecology c. Biology d. Physiology 12. What three processes is evolution based on?a. Genetic variation, inheritance, and natural selectionb. Genetic variation, gene pools, and inheritancec. Genes, variation, and gene flowd. Natural selection, gene flow, and science13. One species evolving into two species is an example of what?a. Divergent evolutionb. Convergent evolution14. Two species that look alike and act alike but are unrelated is an example of what?a. Convergent evolutionb. Divergent evolution15. Bird wings and insect wings may look similar, but are structurally different. This is an example of what?a. Analogous structureb. Homologous structurec. Vestigial structure16. Bat wings and bird wings look similar and have a similar structure. This is an example of what?a. Analogous structureb. Homologous structurec. Vestigial structure17. The hind limb structures of boa baleen serve no apparent function. This is an example of what?a. Analogous structureb. Homologous structurec. Vestigial structure18. _____ is a property of the population not the individual or the entire species, just a specific group.a. Genesb. Natural selectionc. Mutationsd. Evolution19. Define gene pool.a. A gene apparent in a populationb. A sum of genesc. The sum of genes in a populationd. The sum of genes in a population over generations20. _____ is the change in genetic makeup or gene frequency in a population over generations.a. Genesb. Natural selectionc. Mutationsd. Evolution21. _____ acts on phenotype of individuals where evolution acts on genotype of populations.a. Genesb. Natural selectionc. Mutationsd. Evolution22. What is the Hardy Weinberg Principle?a. A hypothetical caseb. A hypothetical case where evolution does not occurc. A proven cased. A proven case where evolution does not occur23. What is the definition for an Equilibrium population?a. A hypothetical caseb. A hypothetical case where evolution does not occurc. A proven cased. A proven case where evolution does not occur24. All of the following are conditions for genetic equilibrium except _____.a. No mutationb. No immigration or emigration of genes between populationsc. Completely random