GEOL 404 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture II. Basis for Gradesa. Grade Percentagesb. Class Rulesc. Exam Styled. Score and Grading III.Definition and Scope of Petroleum Geologya.Hydrocarbonsb.PetroleumIV. Energy Consumptiona. USAb. Worldc. Petroleum in ParticularOutline of Current Lecture V. Introduction to Up-Coming LecturesA. Reservoir SystemsB. Possible JobsC. Geologic Risk POSVI. Source RocksVII. Plate TectonicsVIII. SealsIX. StructureX. Reservoira. Depositional Environmentb. Clasticc. CarbonatesNOTE: THIS LECTURE WAS OPTIONAL, AND NOTES DID NOT HAVE TO BE TAKEN BECAUSE THEY ARE AN OVERVIEW OF WHAT WILL BE TAUGHT THIS SEMESTER. IT IS A GOOD SUMMARY THAT MENTIONS KEY CONCEPTS. Current LectureII. Introduction to Up-Coming LecturesA. Reservoir SystemsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Typically include: Source Rock, Seal, Structure, Reservoir Rock, and TimingB. Possible Jobsi. Working in the industry can put you in any position. They can include Frontier Geologists, Prospect Geologists, Development Geologists, Reservoir Engineers, and Economics Engineers. C. Geologic Risk POSi. POS- Geological Possibility of Success. It is the potential of any area in the world, and determines if a project is valuable and profitable. ii. The larger POS, the better the chances of success. iii. Cuttoff for POS is around 70% depending on the company.III. Source Rocksa. Provide the organic material that petroleum is made from.b.Kerogen Typei.Orders the source material from best to worst, with Algae being the best producer of kerogen. c.Diagenesis, Catagenesis and Metagenesis are important when looking at kerogens with progressive depth.i.Heat and pressure effect the transformation of kerogens.d.Temporal and Spatial – Both involve the distribution of source rocks.e.In some cases, the source rock is involved in naming of a Petroleum System.f.Emphasis on how basins are formed will be talked about in upcoming lectures.IV. Plate Tectonicsa. Plate tectonics is essentially the earth’s crust moving. Through this, basins, anticlines, synclines and faults are formed. b.Be sure to know what Mantle plumes, convection cells, convergent and divergent plate movements mean.c.Wilson Cycle – Because the crust is being dragged around by the convection cells in the earth’s mantle, we get a predictable model of what happens to the plates.d. Clastics, carbonates and halite’s will be talked about. e. Climate can affect the movement of plates. Example: Warm to cold weather impacts the sea level which in turn will affect the sedimentary record.V. Sealsa. Primary Migration – Source rock has been buried deep enough to generate hydrocarbons.b. Secondary Migration – Actual flow through carrier.c. The type of seal will also determine what kind of risk analysis the well has.d. NOTE: Top seals are needed, yes, but so are side and bottom seals too.VI. Structurea. Includes Hanging Walls, Footballs, Tension, Compression and Shear.b. Anticlines – Hillsc. Synclines – Valleys VII. Reservoira. Depositional Environmenti. Covers the shape, thickness, geometry and type of reservoir.ii. Geometry in the reservoir determines spatial and temporal understanding and distribution.iii. Deltaic Sediments – Show wind, wave or river modificationsb. Clastici. Cover the scale and heterogeneities of the reservoir.ii. Microscopic Details – porosity, permeability, Darcy’s equationiii. Digenetic Influences – Oil wet or water wetiv. Mesoscopic – larger scale that involves physical core samplesv. Clastic will pay close attention to barriers, baffle and thief zones.vi. Macroscopic – Deals with depositional units such as fluvian channels, Aeolian dunes, barriers or crevasse splaysvii. Megascopic – Looks at complete sedimentary systemsc. Carbonatesi. Focuses on where the actual oil is located (rock type like limestone), the porosity, and the reefs from which the carbonates