PSY 222 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Drugs in Early timesII. Drugs in 19th centuryIII. First half of 20th centuryIV. Drugs and behavior in the 20th centuryOutline of Current Lecture I. Extent of Drug use II. National SurverysIII. Correlates of drug use • CorrelateIV. Antecedents of drug use V. Gateway substancesCurrent LectureI. It is not easy to get accurate and complete information on, the amount of drug users, how much of an illicit drug is imported and sold, and the usage of legal drugs such as alcohol, tobacco, and prescription drugs. Although, we do get information from survey questionairres. The benefits to a survey is that they are easy to use, unexpensive, and efficient. The drawbacks is that they might be bias in student popualtion and the self reports people make might be inaccurate. II. Survey: Monitoring the future (MTF) gathers data from students. 8th grade through 12th grade and college. Have conducted annually for almost 40 years. The types of data they collect is the prevelance of drug use, and the perceived risk and availablity of the various drugs.Survey: National survey on drug use and health (NSDUH), gathers data from U.S households. They do face to face interviews, ages 12 and above. They have also been conducted annually forover 40 hours. The type of data they collected is the prevelance of drug use, frequency of drug use and the trends they see over time. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Data rom MTF and NSDUH can be examined together. They both found similar patterns in two different studies using different sampling techgniquesIII. Correlate is a variable that statistically related to another variable such as drug use. Correlates are not causes. The risks factors for drug use are, having friends who use drugs and engaging in antisocial activities. The protetctiv factors include sanctions against use, and having parents as social support.IV. Antecedents are actor(s) that occur before an event such as the intitiation of drug use. Examples of antecedents are aggressiveness, conduct problems, poor academic performance, and attachment to a drug using peer group.V. One of the first gateway drugs used by a typical drug user is marijuana. Alcohol and tobacco are sometimes considered gateway drugs. Gateway substances may not be the cause of future drug use. There are several influences of drug use, identification with a deviant subculture, rebelliousness, fads and cultural trends, reinforcing properties of drugs, and desire to experience an altered
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