PSYCH 304 1st Edition Lecture 6Outline of Last Lecture II. Ways to Make a BabyIII. Egg and Sperm IssuesIV. Genetic TermsOutline of Current Lecture V. Sex Chromosome AbnormalitiesVI. Stages of Prenatal DevelopmentA. Germinal Stage B. Embryonic Stage VII. TeratogensCurrent LectureI. Sex Chromosome abnormalities:A. occasionally people are born (many are conceived, but Most are miscarried) with Ava i. XXX: triple x female normal app Learning Disabilities  Mental Retardationii. XYY: Male Tall low IQ  Mental Retardation poor verbal developmentiii. XXY:  Kleinfelter Syndrome: sterile male Learning Disabilities Poor testicular developmentiv. XXOv. XO fragile x Infertile womanII. Stages of Prenatal DevelopmentThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.A. Germinal stage- i. 1st 2 weeks zygote travels down uterus becoming more complex attaches to wallii. Placenta Develops Exchanges involve oxygen, nutrition, and wasteiii. Umbilical cord goes to placentaiv. Amniotic sac fluid filled balloon that protects and provides room Amniotic fluid is sometimes drawn from the sac to scan for possible birth defects – very risky Amniocentesis – a crude abortion method in which the amniotic sac tears – killing the baby and often the mother as wellv. Generally, what the mother does during these two weeks has no effect onthe babyIII. Embryonic Stage: the rest of the 1st Trimester:A. 2-12 weeksi. all vital systems in development Circulatory Organs Neuro Cardio muscular developmentB. Severe birth defect leads to miscarriage (spontaneous abortion)i. 1/3 of conceptions lead to miscarriageii. 3/4 of those are in the first trimester 50-70% of those have chromosomal abnormality C. You are at a higher risk for miscarriage if you:i. Drinkii. Smokeiii. Drink Coffeeiv. Have a male conception  Anything mom puts into body, baby gets some of itIV. Teratogens: birth defect producing agentsA. Female Teratogens:i. Famous Mistakes DES- drug that claimed to prevent miscarriages Thalidomide- drug that claimed to prevent morning sickness and sterilityii. Alcohol Fetal Alcohol Syndromeo Learning disabilityo ADHDo facial development issueso poor motor skillsiii. Crack Babies ADHD Rage Learning disabilities Emotional development issuesiv. Nicotine low birth weight Neurological problemsv. HIV mothers must not breastfeed (1/4 will remit)vi. SSRI child heart defectsvii. Aspartame in diet drinkso Seizureso neurological issuesviii. Age older mothers have a higher risk of having a child with