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TAMU ANSC 303 - Digestive Systems and Digestion III
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ANSC 303 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. MonogastricII. RuminantIII. Monogastric - Hindgut FermentationIV. Comparative Physiology a. Simple exampleb. Simple stomachsc. Foregut complexity d. Foregut fermentationV. Mouth VI. MasticationVII. SalivaVIII. EsophagusIX. Reticular GrooveX. Stomach XI. Glandular Stomach XII. Stomach Anatomy a. Esophageal b. Cardiacc. Fundicd. PyloricXIII. Stomach Secretionsa. HClb. Pepsinogen c. Renin Outline of Current Lecture I. Ruminant Stomach II. Rumen DevelopmentIII. Influence of Diet on Rumen DevelopmentIV. Size of Stomach CompartmentsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.V. Function of Compartmentsa. Reticulumb. Rumenc. Omasumd. AbomasumVI. FermentationVII. Feed to MicrobesVIII. Symbiotic RelationshipIX. Rumen-Reticular Microbial PopulationCurrent LectureI. Ruminant Stomach A. Always on the left side B. The rumen consists of a gas area, liquid area, and fiber matC. Bacterial populations are different in each areaD. When you take a rumen sample, it is important to grab samples of all areas in order to get an accurate sample of the rumenE. Different microbes exist and like each sectionF. The rumen takes up the entire right side of the rumen and part of the leftII. Rumen DevelopmentA. Only abomasum is developed in the newborn ruminantB. There is litle fermentative C. When a ruminant is born, the rumen is:a Sterileb Smallc WeakD. The rumen functions like a monogastric when their diet only consists of milkE. Development of the rumen needs solid feed to develop properly F. Can wean at 2 - 3 months of age a Wean early because milk replacer is expensiveb Feeding milk replacer is time consumingIII. Influence of Diet on Rumen DevelopmentA. How does diet impact the factors involved in rumen development?a Milk only diet rumeni. Pale ii. Very thin iii. Rumen didn’t see any action, so it had no need to grow papillaeb Milk and Hay Dieti. Litle musculatureii. Tissue is not developediii. Slightly palec Milk and Grain Dieti. Dark ii. Shaggy iii. FunctionalB. Botom Line: calves need milk and grain to develop a functional rumen in order to be switched from a milk diet to a solid feedIV. Size of Stomach CompartmentsA. Rumen, Omasum, Abomasum, and Reticulum (largest to smallest)B. Abomasum - true stomach C. Pseudo-ruminanta Animals with only three compartmentsb They lack an omasumV. Function of CompartmentsA. Reticulum a Primary job - house "bugs"b Honeycomb appearance i. Studded with papillaeii. Papillae are the finger-like projectiles in the rumen iii. Papillae increase surface area so more fermentation can occurc Fermentationd Traps objects = hardware diseasei. Metal object can puncture the liningii. Releases bacteria into the abdominal cavity e Particles free float through the honeycomb f Reticulum and rumen are very closeB. Rumena Has papillaeb Fermentationc Absorption of:i. Volatile Faty Acidsii. Ammoniaiii. Waterd Recycles ammoniai. Ammonia absorbedii. Converted to ureaiii. Urea secreted through salivaiv. Only barrier between blood and the feedv. Primary fermentation chamberC. Omasuma Many folds/columns of tissuesb The folds slow down the passage rate of passagec Reduction of particle sized Absorption of water and VFAsD. Abomasuma True stomach b Similar to monogastric glandular stomach c Displaced abomasum i. Big problem post-calving ii. Abomasum always on the right side, then it flips to the leftiii. Prevalent in dairy cowsVI. FermentationA. Occurs primarily in the rumen, omasum, and reticulumB. Rumen microbial populationa Bacteria, protozoa, yeast/fungi (smaller amounts)C. Products of fermentation:a VFA - goodb Gas - badi. Carbon is an energy sourceii. Carbon is needed to make the methane and carbon dioxideiii. Therefore, loss of good energy sourcec Heat - depends on locationd Microbial crude protein - very goodi. Bugs produce high quality protein ii. Number on advantage that ruminants havee B & K Vitamins - goodi. A ruminant makes almost what an adult animals needsD. SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPa The bugs are not parasitesb They contribute to the overall wellbeing of the animalVII. Feed to MicrobesA. As a nutritionist, you must feed the microbes who then in turn feed your animalB. What you put it may not be beneficial when it comes out of the microbesC. What will the rumen to do that product?VIII. Symbiotic RelationshipA. Ruminant provides to microbea Housingb Nutrientsc Waste removalB. Microbe provides to ruminanta Digestion of structural carbohydratesb Products absorbed by the animali. VFAii. High quality protein iii. B Vitaminsiv. Vitamin K c Heatd Detoxification of toxic compoundsIX. Rumen-Reticular Microbial PopulationA. Bacteria 24 - 80 billion/mla Cellulolytic i. Fiber digestersii. Structural carbsiii. Fiber matb Amylolytici. Starch digestersii. Botom liquidc Proteolytici. Protein digestersii. Liquidd Methane producersi. Gas layerii. Atach to rumen liningB. Protozoa 200 - 500 thousand/mlC. Fungi


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TAMU ANSC 303 - Digestive Systems and Digestion III

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