Key Concepts Evolution of the Modern World World System Core and Periphery Regions Neocolonialism Globalization Sustainability Cultural Imperialism Figure Chapter 2 Opener An Icelandic ash plume impacted flights on a global scale in May 2010 2013 Pearson Education Inc Key words Hearth areas Minisystems Core Semi Periphery Political economic system Imperialism Colonialism Capitalism Swidden Third World Nonalignment Ethnocentrism Environmental determinism Transnational corporation GDP Globalization Commodity chains Specialization Communal systems Kinship Hierarchy Hegemony Urbanization Hinterland External Areas Plantations Division of Labor Law of Diminishing returns Comparative advantage The Premodern World Minisystems Slash and burn swidden Hearth Areas Middle East South Asia China Americas 2013 Pearson Education Inc Insert Figure 2 3 Figure 2 3 A remnant minisystem in the Amazon Swidden Agriculture 2013 Pearson Education Inc Minisystems Agriculture based reciprocal social economy specialized labor division of labor surplus subsistence began in Protoneolithic 9000 7000 BCE Implications 1 Higher pop density 2 More highly structured kinship systems 3 Specialization in non ag crafts 4 Allowed for trade between communities 2013 Pearson Education Inc The Premodern World cont d Figure 2 1 Old World hearth areas 2013 Pearson Education Inc Figure 2 2 New World hearth areas The Premodern World cont d World Empire Group of minisystems common political system Figure 2 4a Greek colonies and the extent of the Roman empire New world empires 2013 Pearson Education Inc The growth of early empires Imperialism deliberate exercise of military power and economic influence by powerful states in order to advance and secure their interests Colonization Law of diminishing returns The establishment and maintenance of political and legal domination by a state over a separate and alien society Urbanization military garrisons administrative centers principalities and intermediaries 2013 Pearson Education Inc Figure 2 4b Highly developed infrastructure of the Roman empire The Premodern World cont d Figure 2 5 The precapitalist Old World circa 1400 C E 2013 Pearson Education Inc World Systems Figure 2 7 European Age of Discovery Emergence of European World System in early 1500s World Systems cont d Hinterland sphere of influence External arenas not yet absorbed Plantations specialized Figure 2 8 Cotton plantation Mississippi River Import substitution 1450 to 1750 the emergence expansion and consolidation of a European world Technological system Capitalism a form of economic and social improvements organization characterized by the profit and limits motive and the control of the means of 2013 Pearson Education Inc production distribution and exchange of goods by private ownership World Systems cont d Industrialization in Europe Diffusion Began in England spread through Europe and globally Three distinctive waves 1 1790 1850 Britain 2 1850 1870 Diffusion 3 1870 1930s Railroads 2013 Pearson Education Inc Figure 2 A European industrialization Structuring World Systems Core Periphery Immanuel Wallerstein International division of labor Comparative advantage 2013 Pearson Education Inc Consolidation of world systems Imperialism the deliberate exercise of military power and economic influence by powerful states in order to advance and secure their national interests Colonialism the establishment and maintenance of political and legal domination by a state over a separate and alien society always results in economic exploitation by the colonizing state 2013 Pearson Education Inc World Systems British Empire Figure 2 13 Late 1800s British empire Apply your knowledge Where were your clothes sewed Where did the materials come from How does this relate to division of labor and comparative advantage 2013 Pearson Education Inc Structured relationship between core and periphery Core Dominate trade control most advanced technologies dominance depends on the participation of other regions in world system Periphery dependent and disadvantageous trade relationships Semi periphery able to exploit peripheral regions but themselves exploited and dominated by core regions 2013 Pearson Education Inc Leadership cycles rough approximation Portugal 1500s Netherlands 1600s Great Britain 1700s early 1900s United States 1940s present Over the long haul costs of maintaining hegemony tend to weaken the hegemon The Scramble for Africa 1880 1914 Berlin Conference Africa was carved up into a patchwork of European colonies in just 34 years with little regard for physical geography or the preexisting minisystems and worldempires In just a few years the whole continent became incorporated into the modern world system The Partitioning of Africa 1892 Cecil Rhodes president of De Beers coroporation founder of Rhodesia politician in South Africa World Systems Core Periphery cont d Figure 2 9 The world system in 1800 Figure 2 12 The world system in 1900 Figure 2 12 The world system in 1900 Figure 2 14 The world system in 2010 World Systems cont d Environmental determinism Ethnocentrism Eurocentrism Apply your knowledge Provide an example of how neocolonialism reinforces the power and influence of core countries Be specific What is the role of transnational corporations in neocolonialism 2013 Pearson Education Inc Third World politically independent states in the periphery of the conflict between the competing world systems of the Cold War where the Cold War was hot The Non Aligned Movement is a Movement of 115 members representing the interests and priorities of developing countries The Movement has its origin in the Asia Africa Conference held in Bandung Indonesia in 1955 The meeting was convened upon the invitation of the Prime Ministers of Burma Ceylon India Indonesia and Pakistan and brought together leaders of 29 states mostly former colonies from the two continents of Africa and Asia to discuss common concerns and to develop joint policies in international relations At the meeting Third World leaders shared their similar problems of resisting the pressures of the major powers maintaining their independence and opposing colonialism and neocolonialism especially western domination 2013 Pearson Education Inc Members of the Non Aligned Movement Afghanistan Algeria Angola Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Botswana Brunei Darussalam Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad