BIOL 1005 1st Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I. Evolution – HowII. GenesIII. Evolution DefinitionIV. Natural SelectionV. Hardy Weinberg PrincipleVI. Conditions for Genetic EquilibriumVII. Five Major Causes of EvolutionVIII. MutationsIX. Genetic DrifX. Influence of Natural SelectionXI. Extinction XII. CausesXIII. Fossil RecordsXIV.Specialized Land AdaptionsXV. Intro to Energy Outline of Current Lecture I. Uses of EnergyII. Laws of ThermodynamicsIII. What are we dependent on?IV. PhotosynthesisV. RespirationVI. C3 and C4Current LectureI. Uses of Energy- Movement- Metabolismo Response to stimuliII. Laws of Thermodynamics- 1st Law: Conservation of energy- energy can neither be destroyed or created but it can be changed in form- 2nd Law: Loss of useful energy- when energy is converted from one form to another the amount of useful energy decreasesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Each conversion or transformation of energy decreases the amount of useful energyo Un-useful energy is normally in the form of heatIII. What are we dependent on?- We are dependent on plants- Plants are equally dependent on usIV. Photosynthesis- Transformation of energy from the sun into a chemical energy such as glucoseo In other words, transformation of solar energy into chemical energyo Sunlight powers life on earth and is only captured by photosynthesiso The sun is the ultimate source of energy- Photosynthesis only occurs in plants, algae, and certain types of bacteriao These organisms are called autotrophs Autotrophs are self-feeders- Only about 1% of solar energy is available for photosynthesis!!!- Occurs in membranous organelles of green plant cells called chloroplasts- 6H2O + 6CO2 + SOLAR ENERGY = C6H12O6+6O2- Water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) in the presence of sunlight yields glucose and oxygen- Glucose serves as primary fuel for all metabolic processes in plant cellsV. Respiration- Other terms are metabolism or oxidation- Photosynthesis captures energy while respiration releases energyo Cellular respiration splits carbon and hydrogen atoms from the sugar molecule and recombine them with oxygen to re-create carbon dioxide and water- Occurs in the mitochondria- C6H12O6+6O2 = 6H2O + 6CO2 + SOLAR ENERGYVI. C3 and C4- C3 favors cool and moist conditions- C4 favors hot and dry
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