PSYCH 304 1st Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture II. Influences on DevelopmentIII. General Principles of DevelopmentIV. Developmental TermsA. Definition of Longitudinal StudyB. Definition of Cross-sectional StudyC. Definition of Cross-Sequential StudyV. Conception to DeathOutline of Current Lecture VI. Psychoanalysis: FreudVII. Psychodynamic: EriksonVIII. BehaviourismCurrent LectureI. Freud = Psychosexual DevelopmentA. Focused on the malfunctions of developmentB. Described the importance of the sex drive and aggressive drive (animalistic tendencies)i. Freud stressed the importance of not imposing and exposing children to these drives too soon, for they could be problematic.ii. The development is disturbed if exposed too soon.  Example: Molesting a child exposes them to their own sex drive before they are ready; and in many cases, victims become depressed or grow to express similar desires and act upon them.II. Erikson = PsychosocialA. Stated that personality combined with the development of bodily changes and social responses led to psychological virtueB. Believed that conflict provides an opportunity for excellenceIII. BehaviourismA. Psychologists involved: Skinner, Pavlov, Watson, ThorndikeB. Behaviourists believe that all behaviour is learned – there a no built in traitsC. All people are born as a blank slateD. Behaviour is based on the rewards and punishments given to an individual duringdevelopmentThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.E. “I am not my own person. I am what people make of me.” (belief of behaviourists)F. Psychological Behaviourism gives people the opportunity to engineer others to bring about the best qualities in themG. Useful techniques According to Behaviourists:i. Token Economy - a system of behavior modification based on the reinforcement of the targeted behaviour. ii. Systematic Desensitization - a behavioral conditioning method where an individual participates in relaxation exercises while gradually being exposed to something they are afraid ofiii. Aversion Therapy - a type of behavior therapy designed to make a patient give up a bad habit by causing them to associate it with a worse or unpleasant effect  Example: If a person is an alcoholic, a behaviourist could somehowforce a person to throw up every time they had a drink. They would then associate alcohol with vomiting, which may erase theirdesire to drink.iv. Flooding – a type of behaviour conditioning that forces a person to either imagine or physically expose themselves to things they fear for long periods of time; similar to systematic