Chapter 9 Worksheet 1. In the first column you have a list of necessary criteria for genetic material. Think about how proteins and DNA meet (or not) each of these criteria. You can use any informationrelated to their chemical composition, structure and etc. Genetic material Proteins DNA RNA Storage of information (coding sequence) Yes 20 amino acids Yes4 nucleotidesAGTC Yes4 nucleotides AUTCVariation between individuals Yes Ex. Sickle cell YesMeiosis Alleles and genes YesDifferent virusesReplication NO Yesconservative YesExpression (Providesa function) YesEnzymes, insulin Peptide hormones Transport ions YesTranslationTranscriptionMakes proteins YesTranslated into proteins*Relatively stable(not necessaryfor infectiousagents) NOCan be denatured by heat or ph Yes Hydrogen bondsHydrophobic bondsCovalent bondsHighly degradableNO2. Griffith, Sia and Dawson, Avery, MacLeod and McCarty, Hershey and Chase’s experiments. Complete Hershey and Chase’s experiment by reading the textbook and find one more experiment that provides similar evidence. Experiments Organisms Experimental Design Conclusion and Explanation Griffith Bacteria S & R stains injected into mouse. S kills mouse. Heat killed S + R kill mouse. Neither didon own. TransformationSia and Dawson Bacteria Did experiment in dish without mouse Heat killed S transformed R into SAvery, MacLeod andMcCarty Bacteria Protease, Rnase and Dnase to see which carries over Transformation didn’thappen with Dnase making dnase responsibleHershey and Chase bacteriophage Found phosphorus in bacteria when bacteriophage injected it Phosphorus is in DNA With your neighbors, discuss the following questions: The experiments in the textbook have provided evidence for DNA being the genetic material in bacteria and bacteriophages. Now we believe that DNA is the universal genetic material for all species. 1. Is there an exception to this rule? In other words, do you know any other species that do not have DNA as the genetic material? What do they use? Viruses use RNA2. Considering modern genetics, do you know any direct evidence for DNA being the genetic material in humans? No direct evidence. A lot of supporting evidence. Cloning on sheep, stem cell research, organ therapy, sequencing and genomes.3. Based on the structure of eukaryotic DNA during different mitotic phases and the three levels of DNA packing in eukaryotic cells, think about the following questions. (A) Which level of DNA packing do you think is present in interphase? Chromatin to nucleosome (B) Which mitotic stage is metabolically active (genes can be expressed)? Interphase – prepares to replicate(C) What are the functions of DNA packing in eukaryotic cells? List three. Protects DNARegulates gene expression Fits into