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VCU PSYC 304 - Influences on Development

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PSYCH 304 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture II. What is Developmental Psychology?A. Definition of Developmental Psychology III. What is a Scientific Study?IV. How Do We Change?A. Definition of QualitativeB. Definition of QuantitativeV. What Stays the Same?VI. Conception to DeathOutline of Current Lecture VII. Influences on DevelopmentVIII. General Principles of DevelopmentIX. Developmental TermsA. Definition of Longitudinal StudyB. Definition of Cross-sectional StudyC. Definition of Cross-Sequential StudyCurrent LectureI. Influences on DevelopmentA. Heredity- genetic characteristics passed from parents to child (the biological factor)B. Environment- social and cultural influences that help shape the life of an individualC. MaturationD. FamilyE. Culture F. RaceG. Normative vs. Non-Normativei. Normative Experiences – experiences most people go through that allow them to relate to the majority of the populationii. Non-Normative Experiences – personal experiences that are rarely sharedamong individuals Example used in class: Having a parent commit suicide is a non-normative characteristic.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.H. Cohort- a group of people who share a specific statistical or demographic characteristicI. Timing of Events – The Critical Periods of Development are often taken into account hereII. General Principles of DevelopmentA. Life Span = Life Longi. Some of the original psychologists thought development ended at adulthood. However, it is now seen as a continuous development.B. Multi-directionalityi. Constant changes in growth and decline throughout development (like an inverse graph – gaining in one, while losing in another)C. Multiple Causationi. Changes in development are often combined and complicated Example: Nutrition, Culture, Race, and etceteraD. Historical Contexti. Development based on how a person reacts to certain circumstances. These circumstances can either help or hurt the person.E. Multidimensionali. The combination of the physical, cognitive, psychosocial, and spiritual (recently added) aspects of an individual.III. Developmental TermsA. Longitudinal Study- a research study that involves repeated observations of a small group of individuals over a long period of time (decades if possible)i. Issues: People can drop out; Lots of downtime between check upsii. Benefits: witness the detailed changes in individualsB. Cross-sectional Study- a descriptive study that provides a snapshot of the frequency and characteristics a population at a particular point in time; different aged cohorts tested oncei. Issues – Genetic Differences; Quick and Dirtyii. Benefits – cheap; done onceC. Cross-sequential Study- a research method that combines the longitudinal and cross-sectional design by following a portion of individuals at a time while anotheris tested simultaneously i. Issues: still expensive, takes a lot of timeii. Benefits – the best of both


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VCU PSYC 304 - Influences on Development

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