CHEM 211 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Current Lecture I. Phases of MatterII. Attractive ForcesIII. Kinetic Molecular View of the Three StatesIV. Phase ChangesV. Quantitative Aspects of Phase ChangesVI. Standard Values for WaterCurrent LectureI. Phases of MatterA. Each physical state of matter is a phase, a physically distinct, homogeneous part of a system.B. The properties of each phase are determined by the balance between the potential and kinetic energy of the particles.C. The potential energy, in the form of attractive forces, tends to draw particles together.D. The kinetic energy associated with movement tends to disperse particles.II. Attractive ForcesA. Intramolecular forces = bonding forces.a) These forces exist within each molecule.b) They influence the chemical properties of the substance.B. Intermolecular forces = nonbonding forces.a) These forces exist between molecules.b) They influence the physical properties of thesubstance.III. Kinetic Molecular View of the Three States >IV. Phase ChangesC. Sublimation is the transition from the solid phaseto the gas phase without passing through anintermediate liquid phase.D. Vaporization is the phase transition of a substancefrom the liquid phase to the gas phase.E. Condensation is the change in the state of matter from the gas phase to the liquid phase.F. Deposition is a process where a gas changes phase and turns directly in solid without passing through the liquid phase.G. Freezing is almost always an exothermic process, meaning that as liquid changes into solid, heat and pressure is released.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.H. Melting is the process by which a substance changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase.V. Quantitative Aspects of Phase ChangesA. Within a phase, heat flow is accompanied by a change in temperature, since the averageEk of the particles changes.a) q = (number of moles) x (heat capacity) x ∆T.b) q = n x C x ∆T.B. During a phase change, heat flow occurs at constant temperature, as the average distance between particles changes.a) q = (number of moles)(∆H of phase change).b) q = n x ∆H.VI. Standard Values for WaterC. Every compound has a unique value for Heat capacity at each state (C)a) ΔHfus and
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