BioMG 3320 1st Edition Lecture 1Outline of Current Lecture I. SyllabusII. DNA as the Genetic MaterialIII. Nucleic AcidsIV. Structure of DNACurrent LectureI. Syllabus- Assessment-Based on performance in two in-class prelims March 3 and April 23 and final exam.-Weekly assignments posted on blackboard and discussed in TA review hours.-Instructor and TA office hours posted on blackboard.II. DNA as the Genetic Material- The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology begins with the replication of DNA, which is then transcribed into RNA. RNA is then translated into a protein. This is the fundamental property of biological systems. - DNA is the genetic material as was discovered in two experiments-In the first experiment, a pathogenic smooth cell was broken apart and the DNA was isolated. DNA was added to nonpathogenic rough cells. The result was that the nonpathogenic cells were converted to pathogenic cells.-In the second experiment, an S-labeled coat protein was combined with a P-labeled DNA, mixed with a virus of host cells and violently shaken to separate the protein and DNA. The result was a multiplication of the virus.-Demonstrates that DNA is the only genetic material.III. Nucleotides These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Nucleotides composed of one or more phosphate groups, ribose (RNA) or deoxyribose (DNA), and a purine or pyrimidine base - An ester bond exists between the phosphate and sugar; glycosidic bond between the sugar and base- Bases either purine or pyrimidine. Purine is a two-ring structure (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidine is a one-ring structure (thymine, cytosine, and uracil (RNA)) -Adenine always pairs with thymine by two hydrogen bonds and guanine always pairs with cytosine by three hydrogen bonds. This is called Watson-Crick base pairing. -Bases exist as tautomers, which means that they never are only in one form. They alternate between two different forms, but the dominant form is the one that exists primarily. - Chargaff’s rules-A+G content = T+C content- Phosphodiester backbone is formed due to the linking of nucleotides together.-A bond forms between the 5’phosphate of one nucleotide and 3’ hydroxyl of the second, which is known as a phosphodiester linkage. IV. Structure of DNA- The structure of DNA was solved by x-ray diffraction. - Discovered that DNA is a double helical molecule.- One strand of DNA has all of the information needed to reproduce the entire structure because the strands are complementary.- There are three noncovalent interactions that stabilize DNA: hydrogen bonding, base stacking and electrostatic interaction. - DNA has major and minor grooves. The major groove contains much of the DNA’s information.- There are three different forms of DNA: -A- form: dehydrated samples; typical form for RNA double-helix-Z-form: CG-repeat sequences-B-form: this is the form of DNA in