BIOL 121 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture Chapter 21. Octet Rule2. Chemical Bondsa. Ionic Bondsb. Hydrogen Bonds c. Covalent Bonds3. Molecular Function4. Chemical ReactionsChapter 35. Watera. Unique Propertiesb. Acids and BasesOutline of Current Lecture I. Acids and Bases Continueda. AcidificationII. Carbona. Organic Chemistryb. Electron Configurationc. IsomersCurrent LectureAcids and BasesBuffers: Substances that minimize changes in concentration of H+ and OH- in a solution- Helps in the case of an acidic substance getting into our blood. Bufferskeep our pH at a more normal level.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Acidification- Caused by burning fossil fuels -Creates CO2-Ocean Acidification: CO2 dissolves in ocean and forms carbonic acid-Prevents carbonate from being created - Acid Precipitation: sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, due to burning of fossil fuels, react with water in the air to form acids that fall as precipitation.- Changes soil chemistry on landCarbon-Backbone of life- Ability to form large and complex molecules- Four possible covalent bondsOrganic Chemistry: study of compounds that contain carbon-Stanley Miller: performed a study that showed the possibility that organic compounds can come from nonliving matter.-Synthesis of lifeElectron Configuration-Four valence electrons- Forms bonds with many different elements-Most common: H, N, O, C-Can partner with other atoms-Example: CO2- Form the skeleton of many organic molecules that vary in length and shape.Can vary in:-Length-Ring shape-Double Bond-Branching-Hydrocarbons: made of only carbons and hydrogens-fats are an example - can undergo reactions that release a large amount of energy.Isomers: compounds with the same formula but different structures and properties.Types of Isomers:-Structural: have different covalent arrangements of atoms-Cis-Trans: have the same covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements.-Enantiomers: mirror images of each other-used in
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