Sociology 101--Examination #1Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.____ 1. Maggie's parents clap and cheer every time she uses the potty "like a big girl." According to social learning theories, this is an example of ____ learning.a. primaryb. Indirect (learn through research; reading, watching, observing)c. Direct (learn through doing)d. Constant (continually learning)e. Gendered____ 2. If the researcher and the respondent interpret a research question differently, there is a problem witha. reliability. (measure same each time)b. validity. (measures what it intends to measure)c. deduction.d. accuracy.e. objectivity. (avoids bias)____ 3. Kevin views society as a system of interrelated parts, while Patrick views society as composed of groups competing for scarce resources. Kevin would be considered a ____ theorist and Patrick would be seen as a ____ theorist.a. symbolic interactionist (from Mead and Blumer, people act toward things based on their personal meaning); functionalist (society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability)b. Conflict (derived from Marx, emphasizes role of power in producing social order); functionalistc. functionalist; symbolic interactionistd. functionalist; conflicte. conflict; symbolic interactionist____ 4. Frank understands that he must attend his driver's education classes. If he does not, he will not pass the driving test and will not be allowed to drive. This is an illustration of which of the key functions of socialization?a. Socialization establishes our social identity.b. Socialization teaches us role taking.c. Socialization controls our behavior.d. Socialization transmits culture to the next generation.e. none of these____ 5. Unlike functionalist and conflict theories, symbolic interactionism is a ____-level theory.a. macrob. microc. metad. Mezzo (AKA meso, lies between macro and micro)e. Mini____ 6. Which of the following is the appropriate order of Cooley's phases of the "looking-glass self?"a. perception, interpretation, response (imagine self as appears to others, imagine their judgment, and develop self through imagined judgments)b. perception, response, interpretationc. perception, initiation, responsed. preparatory, play, gamee. play, game, preparatory____ 7. Which of the following statements best exemplifies symbolic interactionist theory?a. Society is composed of interrelated parts that work to maintain society's cohesion.b. Society has continuous struggles between the "haves" and "have nots" and this inequality is the source of social change.c. Gender inequality is the major source in inequality in society.d. People act on the basis of the interpreted meanings attached to interaction with others.e. None of these exemplifies the symbolic interactionist theory.____ 8. Jennifer studies how welfare policies affect working families. Jennifer is a ____-sociologist.a. metab. Mezzo (between macro and micro)c. minid. Macro (society as a whole)e. Micro (an individual)____ 9. ____ is often described as the "most influential social scientist who ever lived."a. Emile Durkheim (one of the three foundersb. Karl Marx (one of the three to found sociology, Marxism, inevitability of socialism and communism)c. Jane Addams (Hull House, immigration, cities)d. Max Weber (one of the three founders, key in studying interpretations rather than positivism)e. C. Wright Mills (defined sociological imagination)____ 10. Which of the following statements best exemplifies feminist theories?a. Society is composed of interrelated parts that work to maintain society's cohesion. (functionalism)b. Society has continuous struggles between the "haves" and "have nots" and this inequality is the source of social change. (conflice)c. Gender inequality is the major source in inequality in society.d. People act on the basis of the interpreted meanings attached to interaction with others. (symbolic interactionism)e. None of these exemplifies the feminist theory.____ 11. When her father gets mad at her mother, Ellen's father yells at her mother. Now, when Ellen gets mad, she yells. This is an example ofa. direct learning (learning by doing)b. indirect learning (learning by observation and research)c. primary socialization (learning at home)d. secondary socialization (learning e.g. in school)e. Resocialization (relearning)____ 12. Markus hypothesizes that unemployment increases the risk of poverty among women. In his project, ____ is the independent variable and ____ is the dependent variable.a. unemployment; povertyb. poverty; unemploymentc. gender, unemploymentd. gender; povertye. poverty; gender____ 13. Mead called the part of the self that is socialized thea. "me." (rational, learned)b. "I." (like the id, innate, irrational)c. id.d. ego.e. role.____ 14. Social research examinesa. group behavior.b. individual behavior.c. common behavior.d. human behavior.e. animal behavior.____ 15. Bill is a sociologist who studies poverty. He understands that an individual's poverty status is the result of larger economic situations and unemployment rates in the local community rather than the individual's personal problem. Bill is utilizing hisa. macrosociology. (societies)b. microsociology. (individuals)c. research methodology. (how research is done systematically)d. common sense. (not trusted)e. sociological imagination. (sociological perspective)____ 16. In her research project, Megan is measuring age, gender, GPA, and study habits. Age, gender, GPA and study habits are examples ofa. hypotheses. (idea of what will happen)b. variables. (measurable values to be studied)c. observations. (what is seen)d. literature.e. topics.____ 17. Margaret Mead's 1935 cross cultural research suggests that gender roles area. similar across cultures.b. different across cultures. (studied a culture where women were dominant and one where they were equal)c. constant across time and place.d. ever changing and unique to each culture.e. inherent and biologically determined.____ 18. ____ saw sociology as the scientific study of two aspects of society: social statics and social dynamics.a. Auguste Comte (founded positivism, statics vs. dynamics is what stays the same vs. what changes over time in society)b. Emile Durkheimc. Harriet Martineaud. Karl Marxe. Max Weber____ 19. Which is typically the first stage in the research process?a. literature reviewb. topic selection (what broad topic researcher is interested in)c.