Psychology 1230: Psychology of AdolescenceQuiz 2, Multiple ChoiceMethod of Grading EssaysQuiz 2, EssayQuiz 2, TotalWhy Autonomy Now?Cutting the Pie: Types of AutonomyThe Development of Emotional Autonomy: 1The Development of Emotional Autonomy: 2The Development of Emotional Autonomy: 3aThe Development of Emotional Autonomy: 3bSlide 12Dealing with Autonomy Issues (1)Dealing with Autonomy Issues (2)Concluding NoteOverview: ConflictSupplementary ReferencesFamily Conflict: IntroductionPossible Sources of Adolescent ConflictThe Course of Adolescent ConflictIllustrative Study: Montemayor (1)Montemayor (2): ResultsThe Content of ConflictDiffering Perspectives: SmetanaSummary of Conflict (1)Summary of Conflict (2)Summary of Family Conflict Lecture1Psychology 1230: Psychology of AdolescenceDon HartmannFall 2005Lecture 17b: Family Conflict ©2Quiz 2, Multiple ChoiceMaximum=43; Range: 20-42 (3 students scored 42); 100%=42; Mdn.=34.5Score f40- 735-39 2130-34 1925-29 620-24 33Method of Grading EssaysDon graded all of question #1 and about 25% of questions #2 through #4Don checked all papers for which the grades for the two questions differed by 3 or more points (approximately 20 papers). Approximately 1/3 of question grades I checked were changed between -1 and +1.5 points. If your question grade was modified (by the note on your paper of a value with my initials) it was slightly more likely to be reduced.-----Note: about 10% of test takers experienced a penalty between -.5 and -1 for failure to follow instructions.4Quiz 2, EssayMaximum: 20+bonus points; Range: 2-22; 100%=20 (4 students had a score of 20); Mdn.≈16Score f20- 615-19 2510-14 205-9 40-4 15Quiz 2, TotalMax.=63+bonus; Range: 23-62; 100%=58; Mdn.=49Score f Grade60- 3 A+55-59 9 A to A+50-54 15 B to A45-49 15 C+ to B40-44 5 D+ to C35-39 7 D- to D+<35 2 E6Why Autonomy Now?Physically capable of doing more things. Sexual maturity leads to out‑of‑family interests. Cognitively capable of looking at conflicting issues. They are no longer dependent on Mom or Dad. Socially‑The world has expanded; there are new peers, new adults. Future demands require greater responsibility and self‑reliance.7Cutting the Pie: Types of Autonomy First Pie: Cognitive, emotional, behavioralSecond Pie:Emotional Autonomy: that aspect of independence which is related to changes in the individual’s close relationships, especially with parents. And we will focus here.Behavioral Autonomy: the capacity to make independent decisions and follow through with them Values Autonomy: having a set of principles about right and wrong, about what is important and what is not.Psathas’ empirical breakdown38The Development of Emotional Autonomy: 1Detachment, separation, and conflict (e.g., Anna Freud)Terms suggest a time of open rebellion. Oedipal conflicts re‑emerge and sexual drives shift from parents to peers. Not supported: family relations are transformed; not so much open warfare.9The Development of Emotional Autonomy: 2Individuation (Peter Blos)Dialectic: Attachment, separation, integrationThe family relationship is being transformed ‑‑ from being hierarchical to egalitarian. Instead of separating and detaching it is a problem of integration. Could view this as dialectic10The Development of Emotional Autonomy: 3aConnectedness vs. Separation —gender differences (Carol Gilligan)In a Different Voice she proposed that Erikson’s model of identity formation did not fit for women. Instead of forming an identity through vocation, the process important for men, women formed their identity through interpersonal relationships. Therefore the idea of autonomy through separation was essential for men. In contrast, women are concerned with the issue of connectedness.11The Development of Emotional Autonomy: 3bConnectedness vs. Separation—gender differences (Carol Gilligan)--continuedRecent research gives some support to Gilligan's position. Montemayor suggests that both genders deal with both issues.1213Dealing with Autonomy Issues (1)Recognizing autonomy demands/requestsAdolescent desire to make decisionNot heading parental adviceNot wanting to spend time with familyEngaging in deviant behavior…14Dealing with Autonomy Issues (2)What effective parents might do:Understand where you are coming from as a parent and that your child is growing into an adultListenCorrect labeling of behaviorNegotiated limitsWhat ineffective parents might do:Remain locked into power-oriented parent control15Concluding NoteIt is important to keep in mind that healthy adolescent development involves not only the ability to be a successful individual (independent--an achieved status) but also the ability to maintain healthy and satisfying attachments with others (interdependence--a matter of choice for independent persons).16Overview: ConflictConflictOverlap with text, pp. 321-323Lecture OutlineIntroductionPotential Sources of Adolescent ConflictThe Course of Adolescent ConflictThe Montemayor StudyWhat’s it all about?Smetana’s PerspctiveSummaryNext: Lect. #18: Peers I17Supplementary ReferencesMontemayor, R. (1982). The relationship between parent-adolescent conflict and the amount of time adolescents spend with parents, peers, and alone. Child Development, 53, 1512-1519.Laursen, B,. Coy, K.C., & Collins, W. A. (1998). Reconsidering changes in parent-child conflict across adolescence: A meta analysis. Child Development, 69, 817-832.18Family Conflict: IntroductionObservers have long been aware that conflict increased during adolescentsNeither as severe a some have noted nor as persuasive as the mass media has suggestedAdolescents and their parents generally view their relationships as harmoniousAnd conflict, unless severe, may be growth producing19Possible Sources of Adolescent Conflict1. hormones (e.g., testosterone) produce increased aggression2. Appearance of adult sexuality3. Push for independence4. Quest for identity5. Parents' midlife crises6. Parents' unwillingness to give up the parent‑child relationship typical of childhood7. The disequilibrium provoked by changes in adolescents cognitive capabilities, their bodies, and in their increasing expectations.20The Course of Adolescent ConflictConflict increases during early