ANTR 350 1st Edition Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture I. Joint overviewII. Functional classificationIII. Structural classificationIV. Bursa Outline of Current Lecture II. Vertebral columnIII. Anatomy of vertebraIV. Regional characteristics of vertebraV. Joints of the vertebral columnCurrent Lecture-vertebral column-functions-supports head and trunk-protects spinal cord-allows passage of spinal nerves-provides attachment for numerous muscles-provides attachment for the pelvic girdle of lower limb-transfers weight to lower limbs-helps maintain the upright position of the body-regions and numbering-cervical: 7 (C1-C7)-thoracic: 12 (T1-T12)-lumbar: 5 (L1-L5)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-sacral: 1 sacrum, 5 fused (S1-S5)-coccygeal: 1 coccyx, 4-5 fused (Co1-Co5)-normal spine curvature-primary curves: concave anteriorly; thoracic and sacral; arises during fetal development-secondary curves: concave posteriorly; cervical and lumbar; occurs during post natal development-abnormal spine curvature-kyphosis: thoracic region; hunchback-lordosis: lumbar region; swayback-scoliosis: lateral curvature-anatomy of vertebra-body-neural arch-pedicle: attaches to body-lamina: right and left fuse at midline-processes-spinous process: unpaired; projects posteriorly from the midline-transverse process: paired; project laterally from the junction of the pedicle and lamina-superior articulating process (SAP): paired; project superiorly from the junction of the lamina and pedicle-inferior articulating process (IAP): paired; project inferiorly from the junction of the lamina and pedicle-vertebral foramen: in the center; bounded by body, lamina and pedicles-vertebral canal: sum total of all foramina from all vertebra-spinal cord-spinal meninges-CSF-intervertebral foramen: located between adjacent vertebrae; formed by superior and inferior vertebral notches; allow passage of spinal nerves-Spina Bifida: neural tube defect-regional characteristics of vertebra-cervical-bodies are small and cup-shaped-have large vertebral foramen-atypical cervical-C1 (atlas): ring shaped; does not have a body or a spinous process-C2 (axis): dens projects superiorly and articulates with anterior arch of C1-C7 (vertebral prominens): has longest spinous process; closely resembles T1 in size and shape; SP is a prominent bump at base of neck-thoracic-heart shaped bodies-faces on bodies and transverse processes for articulation with ribs-spinous processes are long and inferiorly sloping-lumbar-large, kidney bean shaped bodies-broad and blunt spinous processes; point posteriorly-short transverse processes; point laterally-sacrum-large triangular shaped-consists of 5 fused sacral vertebrae-articulates with ilium of hip bones at sacroiliac joint-coccyx-formed by 4 or 5 fused coccygeal vertebrae-joints-atlanto-occipital joint-between C1 superior facets and occipital condyles-synovial joint-allows for flexion and extension (ie nodding yes)-atlantoaxial joints (3)-single median atlantoaxial joint is between C1 and C2-pivot type joint-allows for rotation (ie shaking head no)-lateralatlantoaxial joints (2) are between IAP articular facets of C1 and SAP articular facets of C2-zygapophyseal joints-bilateral-between superior and inferior articular facets-synovial-gliding-type-restrict motion in certain directions-stabilize vertebral column-flexibility is due to cumulative movement at all joints-intervertebral disc joints-between adjacent vertebral bodies-symphisis type amphiarthrodial joints united by
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