ANTH 024 1st Edition Lecture 4 Outline of Last Lecture I. How Material Culture Helps Us Understand Human BehaviorII. DeLeon’s Study of Migrant Material CultureOutline of Current Lecture I. Archeological Sitesa. Formationb. Preservation c. Excavation II. StratigraphyCurrent LectureI. Archeological Site Formation a. Archeological Site: an accumulation of artifacts, ecofacts, and features that represent a place where people carried out activities II. How Sites are Preserveda. Deliberate Buriali. Mummification is a special caseb. Accidental Preservation Through Destructioni. Pompeii, Ozette, Washingtonc. Deposition and Sedimentationd. Destruction and Reoccupation III. Processes that lead to preservation and destruction a. Nature of materialsi. Stone, bone vs. plant, organicb. Natural factors i. Soil Chemistryii. Exposure to oxygeniii. Biotaiv. Wetting/Drying 1. Vindolanda: Roman soldiers’ notes that were preserved in a ditch because they remained covered c. Cold preservation i. Biota can’t live in glaciers d. Underwater preservationIV. Fossilsa. Calcified bone V. TaphonomyThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.a. The study of the processes that affect organic remains after deathb. How some things are preserved or destroyed c. Taphonomy is necessary because i. Only some sites survive ii. We only find some sitesiii. Within the sites we find, only some artifacts survive VI. Excavation a. Vertical excavation i. “Telephone booth”ii. Reveals stratigraphyiii. Find a date for the site b. Horizontal excavationi. See more areaii. See relationships between thingsiii. See social processesc. Box Grid i. Use balks (grid dividers) ii. Gives cross sectionsiii. Reveal more specific stratigraphiesd. Open Excavationi. Remove balksii. Allows archeologists to see