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WSU PSYCH 312 - Logic & hypothesis testing

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PSYCH 312 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Last Lecture I. Psychology as an empirical scienceII. Goals of psychology as a science III. Characteristics of a good theory IV. Types of scientific designOutline of Current Lecture I. Steps in experimental design II. Scientific reasoning a. Inductive b. DeductiveIII. Validity Current Lecture-General steps in experimental designoMake some causal observations-->form a hypothesis about causality btw variables-->design experiment: plan to manipulate 1 variable while controlling all others-->verify by testing the manipulation & observing outcome-->draw conclusions-->develop, revise or extend support for a theory-Scientific reasoning: contribution of philosophy oScientists use two general types of reasoning -Inductive -Specific cases/observations-->general principles/statements-One uses several individual observations (data) to formulate a general statement (premise/hypothesis/theory)-Make some causal observations-Use inductive reasoning to initial guesses about variables -But b/c they can be wrong we must test them-Example-We observe on several occasions that accidents tend to happen when motorists are texting while driving -We conclude that texting disrupts driving ability-DeductiveThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-General principles/statements--->specific cases/observations-One uses a premise (hypothesis or theory) to mark particular statements concerning expected observations(predictions/conclusions about data)-Statements generally stated in "if-then" form-Form a hypothesis about causality between variables-Example-If texting while driving disrupts driving ability, then driving ability will decrease when drivers are texting while driving (relative to not texting while driving)-BE CAREFUL!-There are examples of valid & invalid deductive reasoning-Valid uses -Confirmatory reasoning -Disconfirmatory reasoning -Invalid uses-Affirming the consequent -Denying the


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