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OU PHIL 1273 - Shifting from Moral Psychology to Moral Theory

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PHIL 1273 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Previous Topics DiscussedII. Plato’s Chariot AnalogyIII. Discussion of this Week’s ReadingsIV. ConclusionOutline of Current Lecture I. Continuation from Introductory UnitII. From Moral Psychology to Moral TheoryIII. Moral TheoryCurrent LectureI. Continuation from Introductory UnitA. Moral Architecture1. Not “inside” the mind, such as involving proper motivation or making people ethically better by adjusting psychology2. Rather, outside in the environmenta. The structure of the external situation influences behaviorb. The external features influence internal processesc. Example: requiring people to sign documents at the top instead ofthe bottomII. From Moral Psychology to Moral TheoryA. Moral psychology looked at ways the mind actually works in situations with moral stakesB. The idea surrounded understanding obstacles that prevent acting morally so that people might more easily do the right thing, which is based on concepts of moral architecture1. The hope is that removing obstacles will encourage people to do the rightthing2. Arrange situations so that it becomes easier for the charioteer from Plato’s analogy to steer toward the right thingC. But, this presumes an idea about what the right thing is1. The charioteer must know what the proper destination is2. This knowledge is taken for granted3. The focus shifts to what is meant by “the right thing”These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.4. A movement toward moral theoryIII. Moral TheoryA. Subjects of Unit 1, which reviews the three main theoriesB. General Parts1. What does moral theory do?a. It is NOT what is the right or wrong thing because people are under the presumption that they already have a basic understanding of right and wrong with only a few tricky situationsb. Rather, it explains what makes the right thing correct and the wrong thing incorrectc. The purpose is to make moral standards explicit and justify themd. Analogy to theories of grammari. People can know a language without understanding and being able to state the lingual rulesii. Grammar books explain these concepts after a foundational comprehension of the language has already been established2. How does moral theory work?a. Consider cases from the reading, Justice by Sandelb. Interplay between cases and principlesi. Examining a case helps to uncover principlesii. Then, principles can be used to decide casesiii. Experience can lead to refinement of principlesc. Hypothetical Nora Tilden Casei. Nora Tilden is a doctor in Brazil, who receives a distressed and sick villager from a nearby tribe that tells her of a feverravaging his tribeii. She diagnoses the illness and knows that antibiotics can end the epidemic and save lives, but on her travel to the village, her boat break downiii. Alternative endings for the situation then emerge- She sees a boat and cannot contact the owner, soshe steals it, saving many lives in the ailing village- She sees a boat, contacts the owner, who tells hershe cannot use his boat, but she steals it anyway, saving many lives in the ailing village- She sees a boat, contacts the owner, who tells hershe cannot use the boat, and as she attempts to steal the boat, the owner suffers a non-life-threatening injury, yet she leaves him, saving many lives in the ailing village- She sees a boat, contacts the owner, who tells hershe cannot use the boat, and as she attempts to steal the boat, the owner suffers a heart attack, killing him, yet she leaves him, saving many lives in the ailing village- She sees a boat, contacts the owner, who tells hershe cannot use the boat, and as she attempts to steal the boat, she injures the owner but can helphim live if she stays, yet she leaves him, saving many lives in the ailing village- She see a boat, contacts the owner, who tells her she cannot use the boat, and as she attempts to steal the boat, she shoots the owner, killing him, and then she leaves him, saving many lives in the ailing villageiv. Which of these are right and which are wrong?d. Reflect on casei. What principle is initially in play?- Little wrong for much goodii. Did this principle come under pressure as alternative endings evolved?-


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OU PHIL 1273 - Shifting from Moral Psychology to Moral Theory

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