ANTR 350 1st Edition Lecture 4Outline of Last Lecture I. Skeletal system overviewII. Types of bone tissueIII. Bone typesIV. Growth and developmentOutline of Current Lecture II. Centers of ossificationIII. Bone remodelingIV. Degenerative changesV. Axial skeleton overviewVI. Appendicular skeleton overviewCurrent Lecture-centers of ossification-primary centers: first part of bone to ossify; typically around 8th fetal week for most bones; located in middle of shaf-secondary centers: develop afer birth anywhere from 2 months-18 years; in epiphyses-timing of epiphyseal union: EHAKWS-elbow: 14-18 years-hip: 14-18-ankle: 16-19-knee: 17-20-wrist: 18-20-shoulder: 14-20-bone remodeling: maintains structural integrity; influenced by hormones and physical activityThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-osteon: functional unit of bone; lifespan of ~15 years-resorption: osteoclasts destroy old bone-deposition: osteoblasts make new bone-bone remodels on a regular basis-increase in bone length: growth occurs at epiphyseal plate; stops at 18-20 years-increase in bone diameter-at periosteum: osteoblasts deposit new bone-at endosteum: osteoclasts destroy bone-degenerative changes of bone and bone tissue-osteopenia: normal age-related decrease in bone density-osteoporosis: pathological decrease in bone density-factors that contribute to development-genetics-insufficient dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D-insufficient weight bearing physical activity-can predispose patient to hip fractures and wedge fractures of vertebra-axial skeleton overview: rest of body hangs off it-don't need to memorize the numbers of bones-appendicular skeleton overview: hanging off axial skeleton-don't need to memorize the numbers of bones-supplemental notes from book-interstitial growth: long bone growth in length-appositional growth: long bone growth in diameter-blood vessels of bone: epiphyseal veins and arteries, metaphyseal veins and arteries, nutrient artery-central canals of osteons are cylindrical channel that contain nerves and blood vessels-spongy bone contains lacunae, canaliculi, parallel lamellae, but no
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