ANTR 350 Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture I. Abdominopelvic regions and quadrantsII. Body cavitiesIII. Trunk body wall layersOutline of Current Lecture I. Skeletal system overviewII. Types of bone tissueIII. Bone typesIV. Growth and developmentCurrent Lecture-skeletal system overview-medical morphemes-chondro: cartilage-osteo: bone-osteology: the study of bone/human skeletal system-components of skeletal system-bones: organ because they are composed of all 4 primary tissue types-cartilage: located between bones at joints-ligaments: connects bones at joints-nerves and vessels: nourish and maintain bone tissue-composition of bone tissue-70% inorganic: hydroxyapatite crystals: calcium salts, make bone hard-30% organic: mostly collagen, flexible-osteocytes: used to be an osteoblast-osteoblasts: secrete osteoid; eventually become trapped in osteoid and become osteocyteThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-osteoclasts: very big-properties of bone-poor tensile strength (from collagen), tolerates small amount of stretching and twisting-high compressive strength (from mineral salts)-functions of skeletal system-support and movement-encasement and protection-homopoiesis: production of blood cells in red bone marrow-lipid storage in yellow bone marrow (of long bones)-mineral balance and storage-calcitonin hormone released from thyroid gland production of new bone (increase bone density)-PTH hormone released from parathyroid glands destruction of bone (decrease bone density)-types of bone tissue-cortical bone: dense, forms outer layer of all bones; in sheets-spongy bone: porous; found inside bones, on ends of long bones; arranged in lattice-likesystem; affected in osteoporosis-bone types1. long bones: all limb bones-diaphysis: long shaft, mainly compact bone-metaphysis: flared region-epiphysis: proximal and distal ends; contains spongy bone in adults-periosteum: outer covering of bone cortex-fibrous layer: support-cellular layer: growth-endosteum: inner lining of hollow bones; cellular function (osteoclasts)-medullary cavity: marrow cavity; hollow center-nutrient foramen: openings in the cortex for blood vessels2. flat bones-examples: skull bones, ribs, sternum3. short bones-examples: wrist bones (carpals), ankle bones (tarsals)4. sesamoid bones-examples: patella, miscellaneous bones in wrist/feet5. irregular bones: complex, irregularly shaped bones that have a combination of characteristics of other bone types-examples: vertebrae, facial bones6. wormian or sutural bones: islands of bone that develop within cranial sutures-growth and development-intramembranous ossification: replace mesenchyme with bone-flat bone of skull-endochondral ossification: replace cartilage with bone-mesenchymal cells cartilaginous model ossifies as bone-all of body except skull*know which type of bone grows from what type of ossification, be able to put stages of endochondrial ossification in order (page 16 of
View Full Document
Unlocking...