CJ 270 1nd EditionExam # 1 Study Guide (Chapters 1-3 in text book)Chapter Questions 1. 4 reasons why crime rate is low but there are increasingly more people in jail (why prisons are overcrowded) a. Get-tough-on-crime laws such as 3 (and 2) strike laws b. War on drugs – drug arrests do not figure into the FBI’s calculations of the nation’s rate of serious crime c. Parole authorities reluctant to release inmates d. Probation/parole violations 2. Name of prison that was circular a. Jeremy Bentham’s prison plan was called – Panopticon 3. 7 goals of sentencinga. Revenge b. Retribution c. Just Dessertsd. Deterrence e. Incapacitation f. Rehabilitation or reformation g. RestorationFormat - Multiple Guess- Fill in blank - Short answer How to read textbook: - Objectives, summary, terms, chapter Questions On Test: - 6 things you needed to know: o Difference between jail and prison Jail: often to hold people before their trial or for short sentences Prison: convicted of felony or longer sentenceso Felony and misdemeanor Felony: a serious criminal offense; specifically, one punishable by death or by incarceration in a prison facility for more than a year Misdemeanor: a relatively minor violation of the criminal laws, such as petty theft or simple assault, punishable by confinement for one year or lesso Probation and parole  Probation: convicted person doesn’t have to spend jail time, but does have to follow certain rules and restrictions Parole: convicted person is released from jail but does have to follow certain rules and restrictions - Statistics: FBI and NCVS put out reports, 1 or 2 questions identifying reports and agencyo FBI’s Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR)o Bureau of Justice Statistics’ National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) - Today, how many people are in prison for every 100,000 persons in population excluding jails?o 480 per 100,000 - Different sub systems in CJ: o Police, courts and correctionso For the purpose of this class, corrections has subsystems which are  Prisons  Agencies of probation and parole Jails  Variety of alternative programs - Key terms o Retribution: a sentencing goal that involved retaliation against a criminal perpetratoro Restitution: payments made by a criminal offender to his or her victim (or to the court, which then turns them over to the victim) as compensation for the harm caused by the offenses o Reintegration: the process of making the offender a productive member of the community o Restoration: the process of returning to their previous condition all those involved in or affected by crime – including victims, offenders, and society o Revenge: punishment as vengeance; an emotional response to real or imagined injury orinsult- Minimum education requirement to be correctional or police officer in Alabama o GED- Every state requires correctional officers have a certain number of hours of training; what is that? o Number of hours for pre-service – 120o Annual in-service training – 40- Corporal punishment through history: Physical punishmentso Flogging (whippingo Branding o Mutilation o Instant Death o Lingering death o Tortureo Exile and Transportation o Public humiliation o Confinement- Key termso Hulks: Floating prison ships o Bridewell: a workhouse; the word came from the name of the first workhouse in England - Historically one way to punish people was exile, as England was going through industrial revolution, crime rate increased, and it wasn’t prepared to deal with prisoners; one thing England needed was labor force, had trouble dealing with command on tobacco, so English businessmen got with court and picked certain criminals and offered them opportunity to do time as indentured servanto Shipment of prisoners to America o What states were first ones to deal with penal colonies?o Used to work in fields harvesting tobacco industry o Along came development of wholesale production of cotton o Prisoners weren’t good at working in field with cottono Dutch came and said hey England I can help you, the American revolution was coming about and the colonies weren’t so thrilled about having prisoners dumped o Dutch did most of colony exploration in Africa o They captured Africans and sold them  How slave trade began o Over 50,000 prisoners brought to American colonies o When English couldn’t send prisoners to US they sent them to New Zeeland then Australia - Key Terms o Lex Talionis: In ancient Rome, offenders were mutilated according to the law of retaliation, or lex talionis - Jeremy Bithum o Prison called Penaptacon o Need to know what it is and what it looks like  Prison idea Jeremy Bithum came up with  Consisted of huge structure covered by glass roof; a central tower allowed guards to see in the cells which were arranged in a circle o Known for coming up with thesis involving pleasure and pain; that punishment should make crime be equal to whatever the crime is but not more just enough so person would think about it and the consequences o People are motivated by pleasure more than pain o Need to know definition of hedonistic calculus: the idea that people are motivated by pleasure and pain and that the proper amount of punishment can deter crime Roughly being able to make that decision weather the crime is worth the punishment  One flaw: based on rational thinking and most bad guys just don’t think rationally - Key Termso Incapacitation: the use of imprisonment or other means to reduce an offender’s capability to commit future offenses- Difference between indeterminant sentencing and determinant sentencingo Indeterminant: a sentence in which a judge specifies a maximum length and a minimum length, and an administrative agency, generally a parole board, determines the actual time of releaseo Determinant: a sentence of a fixed term of incarceration, which can be reduced by good time (also called fixed sentencing) - Essay Question about Marry Bell Harris and we have to tell him everything there is to know about her; we’ll be held to what the book offers, but if we find her interesting we can google her up and there’s a lot more about her o At least 10 key things about her  American Woman reformer influenced by Fry  Born in Pennsylvania  Became first warden of federal institution for Woman in Alderson, West Virginia when it opened in 1927 Turned to career in corrections only having already been a teacher, social worker, and archeologist