CH 220 1st Edition Lecture 3 Outline of Current Lecture I. Functional groupsII. AlkanesIII. Alkane IsomersCurrent Lecture I. Functional groupsa. Collection of atoms at a site that have a characteristic behavior in all molecules where it occursb. The group reacts in a typical way, generally independent of the rest of the molecule c. Some functional groups have double/triple bonds: i. Alkenes have a carbon carbon double bondii. Alkynes have a carbon carbon triple bondiii. Arenes have an alternating single and double bonds arranged in a ring, sometimes known as an aromatic ring (it doesn’t mean it smells good, it just means that it smells)d. Some functional groups have a carbon singularly bonded an electronegative atom:i. Alkyl halide has a bond to F, Cl, Br or I (halogens)ii. Alcohol has a bond to OHiii. Ether has an oxygen bridge between 2 carbonse. Some functional groups have a carbon-oxygen double bonds (these have a familyname of Carbonyls) – see diagrams in the inside cover of textbooki. Aldehydeii. Ketoneiii. Carboxylic acidiv. Esterv. Amidevi. Acid chlorideII. Alkanes a. Compounds with carbon carbon single bonds and carbon hydrogen bonds, no functional groups (aka hydrocarbons)b. Formula for alkane with no rings must be CnH2n+2 (i.e. if there are 10 carbons, the amount of hydrogens would be 2 x 10 + 2 = 22These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.c. Alkanes are saturated with hydrogensd. Also called aliphatic compoundse. Examples include methane, ethane, propane, butaneIII. Alkane Isomersa. The molecular formula of an alkane with more than 3 carbons can give more than one structure, for example C4H10 could be butane or isobutene C5H12 could be pentane, 2-methylpropane or 2,2-dimethylpropaneb. Alkanes with carbons connected to more than 2 other carbons are straight chain or normal alkanesc. Alkanes with one or more carbons connected to 3 or 4 carbons are branched chain
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