PSY 556 1st Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last Lecture I. Social CognitionII. 2 Kinds of Consciousnessa. Reflexive/ReflectiveIII. Automatic Processesa. Errors/ExamplesIV. Situations and PrimingV. Consequences of AutomaticityOutline of Current Lecture II. Controlled Processesa. Conscious social judgmentsb. Introspective thinkingc. Self-Controld. (Illusion of) free willIII. ImplicationsCurrent LectureI. Social Cognition: Controlled Thought (Reflective Consciousness)II. Controlled Processesa. Are “intentional”b. Involve awarenessc. Interfere with other processesd. Require efforte. Tend to be linguistici. Reportable in wordsIII. Controlled Processesa. Conscious social judgmentsb. Introspective Thinkingc. Self-controld. (Illusion of) free willIV. Conscious Logic of Social Judgments (A of Controlled Processes)a. We act like naïve scientistsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.b. We invent arbitrary rules to figure out what people are doing and whyc. These rules aren’t always appropriate or valid, or even used fairly to evaluate selfand othersi. Elevator logicii. Estimating behavior of others…iii. **NAÏVE SCIENTISTS: Would you wear a sign for Café Yumm on campus for an hour?d. Why is this? i. Create an illusion to justify our decisionii. Might apply the Reasonable Person Standardpretty much automaticallyiii. What if you really wanted to do your best to be accurate?e. How do people decide?i. Sample a population of people in our heads1. We imagine what they would doii. Who is in this sample?1. People we know2. People more like usiii. Not intentionally biased1. We just don’t realize that our sample is biasedV. Introspective Thinking (B of Controlled Processes)a. We think we know ourselves better thananyone else possibly cani. But it’s not that simple…b. We’re not great at knowing our own reasons behind our attitudes or behaviorc. Trying to introspect on our thoughts/feelings can sometimes change them …VI. “Telling More Than We Can Know” (Nisbet& Wilson, 1977)a. First task: word-pair memorizationi. For some, pairs like “Ocean-Moon”, “Beach-Shell”ii. Others, pairs like “Sun-Moon”, “Rabbit-Shell”b. Second task - Which detergent do you prefer?i. “All” or “Tide”c. More people choose Tide in priming conditiond. When asked why gave different reasons:i. “My mom uses it; It’s the most well known; I like the box”VII. Introspective Errora. You substitute the list you’ve made for your ownaffective responseb. It’s as if you handed the list to someone else andthey had to guess your preferencec. We’re guessing our own preference the same wayd. Introspection does not reveal privileged informationVIII. Self-Control (C of Controlled Processes)a. Ego Depletioni. See a comedy clip or a very sad clip (children saying goodbye to dying mom)ii. Half of S’s told not to show any emotion (videotaped)iii. Then solve anagrams1. LECBICY = bicycleb. Ego Depletion?i. But what if you don’t believe in that?ii. Can merely thinking that you are depleted (or not) cause this?iii. Beliefs about willpower change the ego depletion effectiv. So does:1. Drinking (or swishing!) something sweet2. Prayer3. Money4. Watching a funny videoIX. (Illusion of) free will (D of Controlled Processes)a. Does it exist?b. Do we have “free will” or “free won’t”i. Conscious control is usually about stoppingc. Can produce illusions of willd. Illusion of Free Will (Wegner & Wheatley, 1999)i. Two partners move a computer mouse around likea Ouija board (except objects on screen, not letters)ii. Hear music and words on headphonesiii. One partner is a confederate instructed to stop oncertain objectsiv. Real subject “hears” word (‘swan’) that confederate intentionally stops on1. 30s, 5s, 1s, or -1s delay between word heard andconfederate stopping2. Word is “in the background”v. ***The way actions are usually formed1. Think about swan…..perform relevant actionvi. ***Is usually confused with this1. primed with swan…..perform relevant actionvii. **You just have to get the timing right and people will take ownership of an action that they didn’t causeX. Implicationsa. Does this mean we can believe we willedsomething that we didn’t?i. Yesb. Does this mean that we have no free will?i. Noc. Just because we see visual illusions doesn’tmean vision is never accurated. “The considerable body of research on motivational control over stereotypes andother judgmental biases has shown that, forthe most part, the use ofautomaticallysupplied input in consciously producedjudgmental output is not