BIOL K101 1st Edition Lecture 5 Outline of Last Lecture 1. Carbon Compounds = Organic Chemistry2. Miller Urey Experiement3. Carbon Atom and Bondinga. Biological Molecules consist primarily of Carbon bonded to C, O, N, S, P, or Hb. Carbon can form four covalent bonds-tetravalentc. Hydrocarbons4. Molecular Diversitya. Hydrocarbonsb. Isomersi. Enantiomers5. Chemical (Functional) Groupsa. Hydroxylb. Carbonylc. Carboxyld. Aminoe. Sulfhydrylf. Phosphateg. MethylOutline of Current Lecture 1. Biological Marcomoleculesa. Monomers/Polymersi. Condensation/Dehydration Reactionsii. Hydrolysis2. Carbohydratesa. Monosaccharidesb. Disaccharidesc. Polysaccharidesi. Storage ii. Structural3. Glycosidic BondCurrent LectureBiological Macromolecules- monomers are the building blocks. Polymers are more than 1 monomer connected together through chemical bonds. The binding of monomers with a hydroxyl group to create a polymer is also called condensation. The product will be a polymer (multiple monomers) and water. The reverse reaction, via inserting water through hydrolysis These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.(breakdown of polymers using water) is called a dehydration reaction. The product of this reaction is separate monomers a hydroxyl groups. Carbohydrates, also known as wet carbon, are simple sugars. A single carbohydrate is called a monosaccharide, two carbohydrates are called a disaccharide and more than two carbohydrates are called a polysaccharide.Some examples of simple sugars are sucrose, lactose, and maltose. Sucrose is more commonly known as table sugar. Sucrose is made of a bond between glucose and fructose. A bond between two sugars is called a glycosidic bond. The enzyme is the body that breaks down sucrose is sucrase. Lactose is found in dairy products. It is made up of a glycosidic bond between galactose and glucose. The body via the enzyme lactase breaks down lactose. Several people do not naturally produce lactase; this is called lactose intolerance because they don’t have the ability to breakdown lactose. Maltose is a disaccharide formed by a gylcosidic bond between two glucose monosaccharaides. It is broken-down by the enzyme maltase. Starch is formed by 1 to 4 links glucose. Starch is digestible by the body. The structure of glucoseis very similar to that of cellulose, which is also formed by 1-4 links of glucose. The difference between the two lies within the structures. Starch is identified by all four OH (hydroxyl group) groups facing down while cellulose is characterized by the alternating OH group facing up then down then up then down. Cellulose makes up plant walls and is not digestible by plants or