HIS 101H 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture II. The Ancient Middle EastA. How it affects the way we study the pastIII. Paleolithic time period and its elementsIV. The transformation from Paleolithic to NeolithicV. Introductionto Neolithic/ to be continuedOutline of Current Lecture VI. The rise of civilizationsVII.Inventions and achievementsVIII.Empire overcomeCurrent LectureI. The Rise of Civilization (Middle East and Africa)- Why society is created/ what it provides1. Protection2. Sharing of resources3. Maintain structure4. Environmental5. Knowledge A.Center of Early Civilization- Mesopotamia- Sumerian, Babylon - Egypt- Kush- Axum- Minoans- Hebrew B. key Inventions- Potter’s wheel (6000) B.C.- Wheel (4000) B.C.- Bronze/tools (4000) B.C.- Writing (3000) B.C.- pictographic These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.C. Sumeria- First settled in 4000 B.C.- City states emerged around 3500 B.C. and lasted until 200 B.C.- Writings- Urbanization- Socialization- Elaborate religious beliefs D.Political and Social Organizations- Kings and priest ruled over slaves- Lots of warfare- Agriculture (onions, dates, garlic)- Wide spread trade (increase use of silver)- Some cities reached 70,000 peopleE. Importance of Writing- Needed for record keeping and ritual transmission- Evolved from pictures- Adds to power and authority of elites- Story telling- Epic of GilgameshF. Achievements - Statues and art (animalistic religious images)- Astronomy- Mathematics and numbering- based on units of 12(hrs., months)G. Religion and Worldview- Gloomy and dark- Animistic- spirit forces everywhere- Visions of heaven and hell- Constructed great ziggurat templeH.Babylonian Empire( Doc: 1.1-1.2)- Slave society- Emerged in 1800 B.C.- Hammurabi and his code- More scientific
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