Intimacy is a primary human need-Family TiesStrong bonds-Economic Cooperation-Reproduction and SocializationProduces future generations; shape behaviorSocialization: “the shaping of individual behavior to conform to social or cultural norms.” (Cohen & Strong, 13)-Assignment of Social Roles and StatusFamily of orientation/origin “the family in which we grow up, the family that orients us to the world” (Cohen & Strong, 15)Family of procreation “family formed through marriage and childbearing” (Cohen & Strong, 15)Family of cohabitation “family formed through living or cohabiting with another person, whether we are married or unmarried”Family of choiceWhy live in families?-Families offer continuity as a result of emotional attachments, rights, and obligationsRely on family members to be there; support-Families offer close proximityCooperation and communication-Families offer intimate awareness of othersKnow us intimately and understand-Families provide many economic benefitsCooperate to achieve what an individual cannotFSHD 257 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I. Introduction to the class/professor. Overview of syllabus. Outline of Current Lecture II. Define Marriage and Family in the perspective of an individual versus societyIII. Functions of Marriage and FamilyCurrent Lecture:Experience versus Expertise-Remember: Experience is NOT expertise-Our views about marriage and family is affected and distorted by our attitudes and beliefs-It is tempting to draw conclusions and to generalize from personal experiences, however, no family is exactly the same Ongoing Social Controversy -If you use, personal experience as an explanation/example in this class, you must support your statements with research -Issues regarding a social context include laws about: -Polygamy-Child custody between same sex partners after divorce-Remaining married only to keep health insurance -Child discipline -Different incomes/jobs of each partner (Who is the bread winner?) What is Marriage? -“A legally recognized union between two people, generally a man and a woman, in which they are united sexually, cooperate economically, and give birth to, adopt, or bear children. The union is assumed to be permanent” (Cohen & Strong, 6)-Marriage is universal but is different between cultures and changes over time- Differences in marriage are seen in aspects such as: -Who can, should, or must marry-Forms of marriage: The number of spouses allowed-Age, living arrangements, relations, etc. -Shared features of Marriage: -Rights and obligationsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-Specific roles within wider community and society-Orderly transfer of wealth and property-Assignment of responsibility for caring for and socializing childrenIs marriage a divine or civil institution?-Many Americans believe that marriage is divinely instituted compared to others who view marriage as being a civil institution -Today in the United States, a marriage must be validated through the government (marriage license) Who May Marry? -Individual’s who may marry have changed over time and still is continually evolvingUntil 1967: in more than half of the US interracial marriage was illegal1967: In the Loving v. Virginia case, the US Supreme Court declared it unconstitutional for states to deny marriage to interracial couplesJan. 2015: Same sex marriage is now legal in 36 statesPresently: Supreme court is finally forced to address the questions regarding gay marriageForms of Marriage: Monogamy: “the practice of having only one spouse at a time” (Cohen & Strong, 9)Only legal form of marriage in the USOnly 24% of known cultures view as ideal Polygamy: “the practice of having two or more wives” (Cohen & Strong, 9)84% of cultures practiced/accepted this form of marriagePolyandry: “the practice of having two or more husbands” (Cohen & Strong, 9)RareOften seen in environments of: poverty, scarcity of land or property, and imbalanced ratio of men to womenSerial monogamy/ modified polygamy: “a practice in which one person may have several spousesover his/her lifetime although no more than one at any given time” (Cohen & Strong, 9)What is Family? -Individual definitions of family vary Married couplesStepfamiliesSingle-parentMultigenerational CohabitingChild-freeSame-sex-US Census Bureau defines family as: “A group of two or more persons related by birth, marriage,or adoption and residing together in a household.” (Cohen & Strong, 11)21.4% married couples with children (nuclear family)28.3% married couples without children-Nuclear Family: “Consisting of mother, father, and children” (Cohen & Strong, 11)-Traditional Family: “Women’s primary roles are wife and mother and men’s roles are husband and breadwinner.” (Cohen & Strong, 11) -A household differs from a family-Household: “All the people who occupy a housing unit” (Cohen & Strong, 11)-Affiliated kin-unrelated individuals who feel and are treated as if they are relativeExamples include: best friend, boyfriend, girlfriend, godchild, lover, minister, neighbor, pet, priest, rabbi, teacherFunction of Marriages and Families-Intimate Relationships- Intimacy is a primary human need-Family Ties- Strong bonds-Economic Cooperation-Reproduction and Socialization- Produces future generations; shape behavior - Socialization: “the shaping of individual behavior to conform to social or cultural norms.” (Cohen & Strong, 13) -Assignment of Social Roles and Status- Family of orientation/origin “the family in which we grow up, the family that orients us to the world” (Cohen & Strong, 15) - Family of procreation “family formed through marriage and childbearing” (Cohen & Strong, 15)- Family of cohabitation “family formed through living or cohabiting with another person, whether we are married or unmarried” - Family of choiceWhy live in families? -Families offer continuity as a result of emotional attachments, rights, and obligations- Rely on family members to be there; support-Families offer close proximity- Cooperation and communication -Families offer intimate awareness of others- Know us intimately and understand-Families provide many economic benefits - Cooperate to achieve what an individual